Question

1. His introduction is a maximum of 500 words. The introduction is very important because it defines the context of the report. Provide a short introduction and background on the water supply system design. Presentation of water flow concepts in the piping system focusing on the energy equation (Bernoulli equation), head losses and momentum. Support all information with references. Submit goals at the end of the section. Writing 500 words

Answer 1

● Introduction:-

Background of water distribution is too much ancient in development. The ancient Greeks constructed water supply lines made with tunnels and bridges are called as aqueducts.

The water supply system must be designed such that so that they can achieve appropriate water pressure and flow, and to avoid leakages and contamination to water which supplying through that.

● Concept of piping system:-

◆Pipe flow is the branch of hydraulics in which a type of fluid flows within a closed conduit.

Energy in pipe flow are frequently expressed in form of head and we called it as the Bernoulli equation. So the steady state incompressible energy equation which is known as the Bernoulli equation consist of three head velocity head, pressure head and datum head.

◆ Head Loss :- When any fluid flows through a pipeline, friction occurs between the fluid and the pipe wall. This thermal energy cannot be converted back to hydraulic energy, so by this there is loss in pressure. This loss of energy is known as head loss or major head loss.

There are some other head losses called as minor head loss which consist head loss due to bends contractions, expansion, exits etc.

◆ Momentum equation in pipe flow is a based on the Newton's Second Law. In this equation there is sum of the forces acting on an element of fluid to its rate of change of momentum.

Thank you.