Question

What is the basic reaction by which biological monomers form polymers?

A. hydrolysis

B. dehydration

C. mechanical displacement

If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of dissolved substances than the cell, the

A. environment is isotonic to the cell

B. environment is hypertonic to the cell

C. cell will not experience a net gain or loss of water

D. environment is hypotonic to the cell.

E. cell will die

Cell theory states that

A. life is spontaneously generated

B. New cells come only from pre-existing cells

C. cells can form from non-organic material

In a neutral atom, protons are always

A. equal to the electrons

B. equal to the neutrons

C. more than the electrons

D. less than the electrons

Water is best described as which of the following?

A. an ion

B. a non-polar molecule

C. an atom

D. a polar molecule

What allows a cell to maintain it shape?

A. the cell takes up water to remain round

B. the Golgi apparatus

C. the cytoskeleton

How do eukaryotic cells form tissues?

A. they are each either positively or negatively charged and are attracted to each other

B. their cell membranes fuse

C. they connect via the extracellular matrix

The main reason that cellular respiration needs to occur step by step instead of a single, big reaction is

A. cells don't store enough oxygen

B. cells don't have many mitochondria.

C. too much energy would be released for the cell to harness

D. cells produce the enzymes needed for cellular respiration very slowly

Isotopes of the same element are different from one another in that they have a different number of

A. neutron

B. electrons

C. protons

The energy to power the Calvin cycle comes from

A. cellular respiration

B. the light reactions of photosynthesis

C. oxygen

Which of the following can be broken down into intermediate products that enter cellular respiration?

A. Proteins

B. Lipids

C. Carbohydrates

D. All of these.

Name three organelles that are unique to plant cells.

A. mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes

B. Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum

C. cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast

If a cell has a greater concentration of dissolved substances than its surrounding environment, the cell

A. is hypertonic to the environment

B. is isotonic to the environment

C. is hypotonic to the environment

D. will not experience a net gain or loss of water

E. will die

In animal cells the primary organelle that generates molecules of ATP is the

A. ribosome

B. lysosome

C. Golgi body

D. mitochondrion

The structure that easily distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell is

A. chloroplasts

B. nucleus

C. plasma membrane

D. mitochondria

When a plant becomes dried out

A. stomata (leaf pores) close, decreasing gas exchange

B. stomata open, decreasing gas exchange

C. stomata close, increasing gas exchange

D. stomata open, increasing gas exchange

Which is the main component of cell membranes?

A. Cholesterol

B. Sucrose

C. proteins

D. Phospholipids

The molecule that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis is

A. oxygen

B. carbon dioxide

C. glucose

D. chlorophyll

E. sunlight

A cell produces 36 ATPs per glucose, however, if you calculated the total energy in a glucose molecule, 90 ATPs should be generated. Why is this so?

A. Some of the energy is destroyed

B. Some of the energy is used to do work in the cell

C. Some energy is lost as heat

Organic molecules are best defined as chemical compounds that contain

A. carbon

B. carbon and oxygen

C. carbon and hydrogen

The first stage of cellular respiration, called ___________, takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell and needs no oxygen.

A. glycolysis

B. citric acid cycle

C. photorespiration

D. oxidation

The products of cellular respiration are

A. carbon dioxide, glucose, and water

B. glucose, water, and ATP

C. glucose, carbon dioxide, and ATP

D. oxygen, ATP, and water

E. carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

The second energy shell of an atom contains a maximum of ________ electron(s).

A. one

B. two

C. four

D. eight

Making and breaking molecules in the body require the aid of ____________ to help the reactions begin

A. heat

B. oil

C. enzymes

D. blood

The term "functional" is used in the phrase "functional group" because it describes a group of atoms

A. that react a certain way with other molecules

B. that make the entire molecule hydrophobic

C. that are organic

What is an enzyme?

A. a protein that facilitates a reaction

B. a protein that supplies water for hydrolysis reactions

C. a protein that absorbs water during dehydration reactions

The organelle that carries out photosynthesis in plants is the

A. chloroplast

B. mitochondria

C. ribosome

D. chlorophylllysosome

What kind is it when one atom takes an electron from another atom?

A. ionic

B. covalent

C. hydrogen

How do we dispose of the carbon derived from the glucose that is metabolized during respiration?

A. via our urine

B. by breathing out

C. it is broken down in lysosomes

What kind of reaction is photosynthesis?

A. exergonic

B. kinetic energy

C. endergonic

D. potential energy

E. equilibrium

The enzyme that forms a transmembrane channel in mitochondria and phosphorylates ADP

A. a carrier protein

B. acetyl CoA

C. ATP synthase

Diffusion

A. requires energy

B. utilizes proteins to move molecules across a membrane

C. moves molecules against a concentration gradient

D. cannot occur without a membrane present

E. does not require energy

The Calvin cycle

A. produces three-carbon chains from CO2

B. produces ATP

C. degrades carbon chains

What is energy?

A. the capacity to do work

B. what holds an atom's nucleus together

C. the decay of neutrons

Eukaryotes such as animal and plants cells differ from prokaryotes in that prokaryotes

A. lack protein

B. lack DNA

C. lack a nucleus

What is G3P? What is it used for?

A. it is the first product of photosynthesis; used to make all polymers

B. it is formed following use of ATP, and functions as a carrier

C. it closes leaf pores and prevents the leaf from drying out

The prokaryotic structure that would protect a cell from drying out

A. cell wall

B. nucleus

C. plasma membrane

Although water has no overall charge, how and why does it form hydrogen bonds?

A. it is slippery

B. it is polar

C. it is liquid

How do the cells in one individual recognize each other as “self” and the cells of a transplanted organ as “not self”?

A. the cells of each individual have unique transmembrane recognition proteins

B. each individual has unique DNA

C. each individual has a unique cell wall

Entropy is

A. order

B. complexity

C. disorder

D. Both order and disorder are correct

E. Both complexity and disorder are correct

Glycolysis takes place in the _____________ and the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain take place in the ___________.

A. cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum

B. mitochondria, chloroplast

C. cytoplasm; mitochondria

D. mitochondria; cytoplasm

If an atom has an outer shell that is full it is

A. highly reactive

B. highly likely to combine with other atoms

C. highly unlikely to combine with other atoms

Reactions that tend to go on their own, releasing energy, are called:

A. endergonic

B. exergonic

C. catalytic

D. productive

How does chlorophyll function in photosynthesis?

A. by absorbing the sun's energy

B. by absorbing carbon dioxide

C. by absorbing water

The energy source for the process of photosynthesis is

A. oxygen

B. sunlight

C. carbon dioxide

D. chlorophyll

E. glucose

The energy required to start a chemical reaction is called:

A. exergonic energy

B. endergonic energy

C. kinetic energy

D. activation energy

E. catalytic energy

During adsorption of sunlight by photosystems, H+ ions are generated. Where do they come from? What are they used for?

A. water; they help form sugar

B. from the breakdown of sugar; they help form water

C. from carbon dioxide; they help dissolve NaCl

Why is consuming on a sugar-free diet, without reducing overall caloric intake, not necessarily effective?

A. all food groups feed into the respiration pathway

B. our body builds sugar from excess protein and fat

C. extra sugar is stored in our blood stream

Which polymer serves as the information storage molecule for cells?

A. Carbohydrate

B. Nucleic acid

C. Protein

D. Lipids

ATP contains

A. three phosphate groups

B. two phosphate groups

C. three nitrate groups

D. phenylalanine

Answer 1

Q: What is the basic reaction by which biological monomers form polymers?

Answer : Dehydration

Explanation: By removing the water molecules the monomers links together to form polymer.

Q: If the environment surrounding a cell has a lower concentration of dissolved substances than the cell, the....

Answer: environment is hypotonic to the cell.

Explanation: When a solution has less solute and more water than another solution is called hypotonic solution.

Q: Cell theory states that

Answer: New cells come only from pre-existing cells

Explanation: The three parts of the cell theory are : 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2) Cells are the smallest units of life, and 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through the process of cell division.

Q: In a neutral atom, protons are always

Answer: equal to the electrons

Explanation: Proton and Electron has same but of opposite charge.

Q: Water is best described as which of the following?

Answer:  a polar molecule

Explanation: Water is a "polar" molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electron density. Water has a partial negative charge (Delta-) near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive charges (Delta-) near the hydrogen atoms.

Q: What allows a cell to maintain it shape?

Answer: the cytoskeleton

Explanation: The cytoskeleton is a structure that helps cells maintain their shape and internal organization, and it also provides mechanical support.

Q:  How do eukaryotic cells form tissues?

Answer: They connect  via the extracellular matrix

Explanation : A tissue is an ensemble of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same origin that together carry out a specific function.