Question

What do political parties consider when forming a coalition government? Under what circumstances are minority governments and oversized coalitions more likely?

What is modernization theory? How does modernization theory help explain democratization in Western Europe? Does modernization theory accurately portray reality?

How do different electoral systems produce different party systems? Under what circumstances might these rules be violated? Use examples.

Answer 1

Coalition government shows that multiple parties form together and reduce the dominance or hegemony of one single party who won highest seats in the election. The introduction of inclusive policies can be implemented through this coalition government. In every circumstance, the majority party tried to be stand like single ruling party. If the majority party comes in power, the policies were mainly focused on their wellbeing. On the other hand, the coalition can influence the whole society. Sometimes minority parties can also get participation under this coalition government.
Modernisation theory explains the modern concepts of the society. This theory arises after the decolonization in Asia and Africa. It stresses the efficient bureaucracy of every government. Modernisation theory explains that the economic development, cultural change ad political change will go together. Classic version of modernisation theory is deterministic. In Western European countries this modernisation theory enhances the GDP and overall economic growth. If find the political and cultural consequences for industrialisation and economic development. Modernisation leads the increase in wage rate, manufacturing level, income level and occupational dynamics. This modernisation portrays reality. It explains about the real changes that occurred due to the implementation of modern aspects in social and political sector.
There are two major type of electoral system; proportional and winner take all. In India, the proportional electoral system is followed. This can be reduces the representation of a single party. Here the single vote uses multiple member districts. This system is fair and preference given to all minority parties. It ensure the participation of all voters.