Question

1.) This year the government of Bangladesh has introduced a fiscal stimulus package that significantly increases public expenditure. Because the government has problems borrowing in domestic and international credit markets these days, it asks the Central Bank of Bangladesh to print money and buy government bonds, so that the government will have sufficient money to spend.

Assume that the exchange rate is flexible and that the interest parity condition holds. Also, assume that the price level is exogenously determined and the conditions in the rest of the world remain unchanged. Finally, assume that the government's policy is viewed as temporary and has no impact on the course of the economy beyond the current year.

How would this policy affect the levels of private consumption and investment in Bangladesh this year?

	a.	Private consumption and investment will both rise.
	b.	Private consumption and investment will both decline.
	c.	Private consumption will rise and investment will decline.
	d.	Private consumption will rise, but investment may rise or decline.
	e.	Private consumption will remain unchanged, while investment will rise.
	f.	Private consumption will decline, while investment remains unchanged.

2.) In 2018, the U.S. aggregate real GDP, Y, increased faster than it had been growing in the previous few years, while net exports declined. We want to figure out what factors may have caused this outcome. Assume that the markets for money and for goods and services were both in equilibrium at all times. We know that the LM curve did not shifted in that year. Which one of the following factors could have contributed to the higher GDP growth and lower net exports of the US economy in 2018?

	a.	A reduction in net taxes.
	b.	A decrease in the nominal interest rate.
	c.	A decrease in the expected inflation rate.
	d.	A decrease in the expected return on investment.
	e.	A rise in the real incomes of US trading partners.

3). Argentina’s economy has been experiencing high inflation and instability. To control inflation, the central bank had tried to make importable and exportable goods cheaper inside the country by selling its dollar reserves at low prices in domestic markets, thus raising the real exchange rate of the Argentinian peso against the US dollar. However, as a result of this policy, the central bank lost most of its reserves and in May 2020, Argentina defaulted on its foreign debt and lost its access to international capital markets. Now, the government and central bank want to restore the country’s creditworthiness. To this end, they need to control inflation and stabilize the economy by reducing GDP, while increasing the country’s net exports. Which combination of the following short-term policies can definitely yield a lower GDP and higher net exports?

	a.	Increase money supply and keep government expenditure unchanged.
	b.	Reduce government expenditure and keep money supply unchanged.
	c.	Increase both money supply and government expenditure.
	d.	Reduce both money supply and government expenditure.

Answer 1

1.Private consumption will rise and investment will decline.

Due to to the increased expenditure the the real income of the economy will rise this will be followed by a rise in private consumption. But investments will decline due to crowding out effects.

2.decrease in expected inflation rates

A decrease in inflation rate will increase the cost of import from USA by other countries. This will decrease the net exports. as consumers now have higher purchasing power the demand for domestic goods will increase and this will also so have any effect on the decrease in net exports.

3.Increase money supply and keep government expenditure unchanged

Increasing money supply I will increase the inflation . 9 keeping the government expenditure unchanged will lead to a lesser real expenditure and the aggregate demand will shift to the left. This will induce higher inflation and lower GDP. With higher inflation imports will rise.

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