Question

For each of the following drugs give class, and mechanism of action. Amphotericin B, Cimetidine, Mifepristone, Tamoxifen, Pravastatin, Theophylline, Valaciclovir, Glucophage, Salbutamol, Morphine, Pegvisomant, Montelukast, Cabergoline and Medroxyprogesterone.

Answer 1

Answer .

1. Amphotericin B belongs to the class of polyene.

Mechanism of action of amphotericin B : Amphotericin B binds to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, forming pores that cause rapid leakage of monovalent ions (K+, Na+, H+ and Cl−) and subsequent death of fungal cells. This is the primary effect of amphotericin B as an antifungal agent.

2. Cimetidine belongs to the class of H2 histamine

Mechanism of action of cimetidine : Competitive H2 receptor antagonist. Blocks H2 receptors in parietal cells that suppress basal and meal-stimulated acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner.

3. Mifepristone belongs to the class of antiprogestational steroids

Mechanism of action of mifepristone : Through blocking the action of progesterone, mifepristone affects the endometrium (uterine lining), induces inflammation, and allows the uterine lining to shed. Mifepristone also causes the cervix to relax and causes uterine contractions.

4.tamoxifen belongs to the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

Mechanism of action of tamoxifen : The main mechanism of action is mediated by its binding to the estrogen receptor and by blocking the proliferative effect of estrogen on mammary epithelium.

5. Pravastatin belongs to the class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Mechanism of action of pravastatin : Pravastatin functions as a lipoprotein-reducing drug through two pathways. Pravastatin inhibits the role of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase in the main pathway.

6. Theophylline belongs to the class of methylxanthines.

Mechanism of action of theophylline : Theophylline has two distinct effects in the airways of patients with reversible obstruction; smooth muscle relaxation (i.e. bronchodilation) and suppression of the response of the airways to stimuli (i.e., non-bronchodilator prophylactic effects).

7. Valaciclovir belongs to the class of purine (guanine) nucleoside analog drug

Mechanism of action of valaciclovir :Valacyclovir is converted to acyclovir, which is converted into its triphosphate form, acyclovir triphosphate (ACV-TP). ACV-TP competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, incorporates and terminates the growing viral DNA chain, and inactivates viral DNA polymerase.

8. Glucophage belongs to the class of oral hypoglycemics

Mechanism of action of glucophage : Metformin increases hepatic glucose intake, decreases intestinal glucose absorption and enhances insulin sensitivity by increasing peripheral glucose uptake and utilization.

9.salbutamol belongs to the class of bronchodilators.

Mechanism of action of salbutamol : The mechanism of action for albuterol is basically calming the smooth muscles of the airways. This stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, which causes a series of actions that result in bronchodilation. Albuterol is effective in expanding the airways regardless of the source of bronchoconstriction.

10. Morphine belongs to the class of opioid (narcotic) analgesics.

Mechanism of action of morphine :Morphine creates its effects by binding to the receptors within the neurons, contrary to the traditional theory that they function only on the same surface receptors as the endogenous opioids developed naturally in the brain.

11. Pegvisomant belongs to the class of growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist.

Mechanism of action of pegvisomant : Pegvisomant selectively binds to growth hormone (GH) receptors on cell surfaces where it inhibits the binding of endogenous GH and therefore interferes with the transduction of the GH signal.

12. Montelukast belongs to the family of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs)

Mechanism of action of montelukast : Montelukast is an antagonist in the leukotriene receptor family of drugs. This works by blocking the action of leukotriene D4 in the lungs, resulting in reduced inflammation and smooth muscle relaxation.

13. Cabergoline belongs to the family of dopamine receptor agonists.

Mechanism of action of cabergoline : Mechanism for action. Cabergoline is a long-acting dopamine D2 receptor agonist and in vitro rat studies have shown a direct inhibitory effect on prolactin secretion in pituitary lactotrophic cells. In reserpinized rats, Cabergoline decreased serum prolactin levels.

14. Medroxyprogesterone belongs to the class of progestin.

Mechanism of action of medroxyprogesterone : The putative mechanism of action of medroxyprogesterone in the treatment of endometriosis is inhibition of gonadotropin development, induction of decidualization accompanied by atrophy of endometriotic implants, prevention of follicular maturation and ovulation, and reduction of circulating estrogen levels.