Question

What are the three basic types of chemical bonds? What happens to electrons in the atoms in each case? (500 words minimum please)

Answer 1

The three basic types of chemical bonds are ionic, covalent, and coordination covalent bonds.

In ionic bond, one of the bonded atom gives electrons to other bonded atom by completely losing the electrons. Inthis case one of the atom is completely lost its electrons and other atom gained electrons.

The bond between metal like sodium (Na) and non-metal like (Cl) is an ionic bond.

Sodium atom completely lost its electron and chlorine atom gained electrons and there is ionic bond exists between the atoms.

Na (s) + Cl (g)    -------> Na⁺ Cl^-

In covalent bond, the two bonded atoms are mutually shared their electrons. So, the bond formed between the two atoms by mutual sharing of electrons is called covalent bond.

In this case, each bonded atom give one electron to the bond and the two electrons are shared by two atoms.

Cl^. + Cl^. ----> Cl : Cl

Coordination covalent bond is formed when one atom is gives two electrons to the other atom.

:NH₃ + H⁺ -----> H:NH₃

In the above case, the two lone pair electrons of nitrogen given to the proton and form a bond. So, this is a Coordination bond.