Question

Aldrich Ames is a convicted traitor who leaked American secrets to a foreign power. Yet Ames took routine lie detector tests and each time passed them. How can this be done? Recognizing control questions, employing unusual breathing patterns, biting one's tongue at the right time, pressing one's toes hard to the floor, and counting backwards by 7 are countermeasures that are difficult to detect but can change the results of a polygraph examination†. In fact, it is reported in Professor Ford's book that after only 20 minutes of instruction by "Buzz" Fay (a prison inmate), 85% of those trained were able to pass the polygraph examination even when guilty of a crime. Suppose that a random sample of five students (in a psychology laboratory) are told a "secret" and then given instructions on how to pass the polygraph examination without revealing their knowledge of the secret. What are the following probabilities? (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

(a) all the students are able to pass the polygraph examination


(b) more than half the students are able to pass the polygraph examination


(c) no more than half of the students are able to pass the polygraph examination


(d) all the students fail the polygraph examination

Suppose approximately 80% of all marketing personnel are extroverts, whereas about 65% of all computer programmers are introverts. (Round your answers to three decimal places.)

(a) At a meeting of 15 marketing personnel, what is the probability that 10 or more are extroverts?


What is the probability that 5 or more are extroverts?


What is the probability that all are extroverts?


(b) In a group of 4 computer programmers, what is the probability that none are introverts?


What is the probability that 2 or more are introverts?


What is the probability that all are introverts?

Answer 1