Question

Compute and Interpret Liquidity, Solvency and Coverage Ratios
Balance sheets and income statements for Lockheed Martin Corporation follow. Refer to these financial statements to answer the requirements.

Consolidated Statements of Earnings
Year Ended December 31 (In millions)	2012	2011	2010
Net sales
Products	$ 37,817	$ 36,925	$ 36,380
Services	9,365	9,574	9,291
Total net sales	47,182	46,499	45,671
Cost of sales
Products	(33,495)	(32,968)	(32,539)
Services	(8,383)	(8,514)	(8,382)
Severance and other charges	(48)	(136)	(220)
Other unallocated costs	(1,060)	(1,137)	(686)
Total cost of sales	(42,986)	(42,755)	(41,827)
Gross Profit	4,196	3,744	3,844
Other income, net	238	276	261
Operating profit	4,434	4,020	4,105
Interest expense	(383)	(354)	(345)
Other non-operating income (expense), net	21	(35)	18
Earnings before taxes	4,072	3,631	3,778
Income tax expense	(1,327)	(964)	(1,164)
Net earnings from continuing operations	2,745	2,667	2,614
Net (loss) earnings from discontinued operations	--	(12)	264
Net earnings	$ 2,745	$ 2,655	$ 2,878

Consolidated Balance Sheets
December 31 (in millions, except par value)	2012	2011
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,898	$ 3,582
Receivables, net	6,563	6,064
Inventories, net	2,937	2,481
Deferred income taxes	1,269	1,339
Other current assets	1,188	628
Total current assets	13,855	14,094
Property, plant and equipment, net	4,675	4,611
Goodwill	10,370	10,148
Deferred income taxes	4,809	4,388
Other noncurrent assets	4,948	4,667
Total assets	$ 38,657	$ 37,908
Liabilities and stockholders' equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts payable	$ 2,038	$ 2,269
Customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred	6,503	6,399
Salaries, benefits and payroll taxes	1,649	1,664
Current maturities of long-term debt	150	--
Other current liabilities	1,815	1,798
Total current liabilities	12,155	12,130
Long-term debt	6,158	6,460
Accrued pension liabilities	15,278	13,502
Other post-retirement benefit liabilities	1,220	1,274
Other noncurrent liabilities	3,807	3,541
Total Liabilities	38,618	36,907
Stockholders' equity
Common stock, $1 par value per share	321	321
Additional paid-in capital	--	--
Retained earnings	13,211	11,937
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(13,493)	(11,257)
Total stockholders' equity	39	1,001
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 38,657	$ 37,908

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Year Ended December 31 (in millions)	2012	2011	2010
Operating Activities
Net earnings	$ 2,745	$ 2,655	$ 2,878
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	988	1,008	480
Stock-based compensation	167	157	129
Deferred income taxes	930	(2)	467
Severance and other charges	48	136
Reduction in tax expense from resolution of certain tax matter	--	(89)	(258)
Tax expense related to Medicare Part D reimbursement	--	--	(94)
Net adjustments related to discontinued operations	--	(16)	330
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Receivables, net	(460)	(363)	3
Inventories, net	(422)	(74)	(207)
Accounts payable	(236)	609	(364)
Customer advances and amounts in excess of costs incurred	57	502	706
Post-retirement benefit plans	(1,883)	(393)	(1,027)
Income taxes	(535)	304	70
Other, net	162	(181)	21
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,561	4,253	3,801
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures	(942)	(987)	(1,074)
Acquisition of business/investments in affiliated	(304)	(649)	(148)
Net proceeds from sale of EIG	--	--	798
Net cash provided by (used for) short-term investment transactions	--	510	(171)
Other,net	24	313	22
Net cash used for investing activities	(1,222)	(813)	(573)
Financing Activities
Repurchases of common stock	(990)	(2,465)	(2,420)
Proceeds from stock option exercises	440	116	59
Dividends paid	(1,352)	(1,095)	(969)
Premium paid on debt exchange	(225)	--	--
Issuance of long-term debt, net of related costs	--	1,980	--
Repayments of long-term debt	--	(632)	--
Other, net	(104)	(23)	(28)
Net cash used for financing activities	(2,023)	(2,119)	(3,358)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	(1,684)	1,321	(130)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year	3,582	2,261	2,391
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year	$ 1,898	$ 3,582	$ 2,261

2012 total liabilities-to-stockholders' equity
2011 total liabilities-to-stockholders' equity
2012 total debt-to-equity
2011 total debt-to-equity
2012 times interest earned
2011 times interest earned
2012 cash from operations to total debt
2011 cash from operations to total debt
2012 free operating cash flow to total debt
2011 free operating cash flow to total debt

Answer 1

S. No.	Ratio	Formula	Formula Numbers as per current case	Answer
1	2012 total liabilities to stockholders' equity	Total Liabilities / Stockholder's Equity	38,618/39	990.21
2	2011 total liabilities to stockholders' equity	Total Liabilities / Stockholder's Equity	36,907/1,001	36.87
3	2012 total debt to equity	Long term(Non-current liabilities) / Stockholders' Equity	26,463/39	678.54
4	2011 total debt to equity	Long term(Non-current liabilities) / Stockholders' Equity	24,777/1,001	24.752
5	2012 times interest earned	EBIT / Total Interest expense	(4,434+21)/383	11.632
6	2011 times interest earned	EBIT / Total Interest expense	(4,020-35)/354	11.257
7	2012 cash flow operations to total debt	Cash flow from operating activities / Total debt	1,561/38,618	4%
8	2011 cash flow operations to total debt	Cash flow from operating activities / Total debt	4,253/36,907	12%
9	2012 free operating cash flow to total debt	Free cash flow (Cash flow from operating activities - Capital Expenditures) / Total debt	(1,561-942)/38,618	2%
10	2011 free operating cash flow to total debt	Free cash flow (Cash flow from operating activities - Capital Expenditures) / Total debt	(4,253-987)/36,907	9%
Note : Ideally total liabilties to stockholders' equity and total debt to equity are the same ratio. However since it has been asked separately in the question, we have assumed that debt here refers to long-term debt only and we have calculated the answer accordingly.