Question

A researcher is examining the relationship between job security and job satisfaction.

	Job Security
Job Satisfaction	High	Medium	Low
High	29	12	15
Medium	22	19	35
Low	17	18	36

8a) State your null and research hypotheses.

8b) Using SPSS CALCULATE AND INTERPRET (in plain English) gamma.

- PLEASE SHOW STEPS AND COMMANDS USED ON SPSSS SO THAT I CAN FOLLOW AND REPLICATE RESULTS.

Answer 1

Solution :

It is given that a researcher is examining the relationship between job security and job satisfaction. We have to state the null and the research hypotheses and do the analysis using SPSS.

8(a) The hypotheses of interest are given as ,

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Here , we are going to make use of the Chi - Square test of Independence in SPSS. The detailed procedure is given below with relevant outputs.

8(b) SPSS Procedure , Calculations and Interpretations :

Step 1) Enter the data in the "Data View" the following way :

Step 2) In the "Variable View" , we have to make the following changes :

Step 3) Then we go to "Weight Cases" and send "Frequency (freq)" to "Weight cases by" pan.

Step 4) Then we go to "Analyze"   "Descriptive Statistics"   "Crosstabs..."

Step 5) Then we send "Job Satisfaction (row)" to the "Row(s)" pan and "Job Security (column)" to the "Column(s)" pan and then go to "Statistics..." and check the box of "Chi-square" and then "Continue."

Step 6) Then we go to "Cells..." and check the boxes of "Observed" and "Expected" in "Counts" and also check the box of "Unstandardized" in "Residuals" and also select the "Round cell counts" in "Noninteger weights" and then click "Continue." Finally, we click "OK" in the main dialogue box.

Step 7) The output is displayed in the output view along with the syntax.

The relevant outputs are displayed below :

• In the first table , the Observed Counts and the Expected Counts are provided along with their respective Residuals and Totals, where, Residuals = Observed - Expected.
• In the second table . the Pearsonian Chi - Square Test Statistic Value is provided along with the corresponding degrees of freedom (df) and the p-value (Asymptotic Significance (2 - sided)).

Interpretation : Clearly , we see that the p - value of the test is 0.012 which is less than the level of significance (say , = 0.05) . Thus , we reject the null hypothesis H₀ at 5% level of significance and conclude on the basis of the given data that the categories "Job Security" and "Job Satisfaction" are related and the relationship is a significant one.

The SPSS syntax for performing the test is given below :