Question

Question 101 pts

The enthalpy of an isolated system tends to increase to a maximum value.

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True

False

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Question 111 pts

The free energy change (ΔG) in the system at constant temperature and pressure is given by ΔG = ΔH + TΔS

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True

False

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Question 121 pts

One of the factors making the hydrolysis of ATP (to ADP and inorganic phosphate) a high-energy reaction because the released phosphates will be hydrated.

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True

False

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Question 131 pts

The entropy of an ordered state is lower than that of a disordered state in the same system.

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True

False

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Question 141 pts

Thermodynamically favorable chemical reactions must proceed at a high rate.

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True

False

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Question 151 pts

Chemical potential represents the contribution (per mole) of a particular compound to the total free energy of the system.

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True

False

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Question 161 pts

Distinct metabolic reaction pathways are adopted for the opposing biosynthesis and degradative pathways because this design makes obvious sense in the context of thermodynamics.

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True

False

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Question 171 pts

The oxidation of organic substrates in cells results in the release of bioenergy in small increments to minimize the loss of energy as heat.

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True

False

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Question 181 pts

Phosphorylation of an enzyme can influence its catalytic activity by allosteric interaction.

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True

False

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Question 191 pts

Experimental investigation on biochemical reactions using a cultured cell system reflects a full extent of what happens in the whole organism.

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True

False

Answer 1

10. The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy in the combination of a system and its surroundings (or in an isolated system by itself) increases during all spontaneous chemical and physical processes.

11.True. The free energy change (ΔG) in the system at constant temperature and pressure is given by ΔG = ΔH + TΔS.it serves as the single master variable that determines whether a given chemical change is thermodynamically possible. Thus if the free energy of the reactants is greater than that of the products, the entropy of the world will increase when the reaction takes place as written, and so the reaction will tend to take place spontaneously. Conversely, if the free energy of the products exceeds that of the reactants, then the reaction will not take place in the direction written, but it will tend to proceed in the reverse direction.

12. True. The bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can be broken through the addition of water, releasing one or two phosphate groups in an exergonic process called hydrolysis. This reaction liberates the energy in the bonds for use in the cell—for instance, to synthesize proteins from amino acids.

13. True. The entropy of an ordered state is lower than that of a disordered state in the same system.

14. True. A thermodynamically favorable reaction or process means ∆G < 0. The products are at a lower free energy, or more stable, than the reactants. Because of this, the reactants "want" to be converted into the products.Thus the reaction will occur at high drive rate.

15. True, In thermodynamics, chemical potential of a species is energy that can be absorbed or released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction or phase transition. The chemical potential of a species in a mixture is defined as the rate of change of free energy of a thermodynamic system with respect to the change in the number of atoms or molecules of the species that are added to the system.

16. True. Distinct metabolic reaction pathways are adopted for the opposing biosynthesis and degradative pathways because this design makes obvious sense in the context of thermodynamics.

17. True.The oxidation of organic substrates in cells results in the release of bioenergy in small increments to minimize the loss of energy as heat.

18. True.The conformational change to an enzyme caused by the addition of one or more phosphate groups can activate or inhibit the enzyme. For example, phosphorylation of the enzyme glycogen synthetase changes the enzyme's shape and reduces its activity.

19. True.Experimental investigation on biochemical reactions using a cultured cell system reflects a full extent of what happens in the whole organism.