Question

1. List and define the three basic goals of a design team for the design of any building.

2. Provide an example of each of the following types of construction. Bearing wall

   a. Beam-and-column b. Long-span
   c. High-rise
   d. Gable-frame

3. List and describe two types of lateral load resisting systems commonly used in beam-andcolumn construction.

4. Provide a simple definition of structural design.

5. Give a description of both the LRFD and ASD design approaches. What is the fundamental

   difference between the methods?

6. Identify three sources of variation in the strength of a structure and its components.

7. Provide two examples of serviceability limit states.

Answer 1

Three basic goals of a design team for designing any building are:

i) Cost-effective : Design of the building must be cost effective i.e its life cycle costs must be under budget.

ii) Sustainable and safe : Building must be Safe in terms of loading, have resistant to fire, natural hazards and building must be sustainable (green building) to the environment follow minimum energy, conserve water.

iii) Accessible and operational : Building must be designed in such a way that have easy accessible, requirements of space and all other functional needs.

✓✓ Bearing wall - beam-column :  Building construction

long span : Bridge construction

High rise : tower type building construction

Gable frame : roof truss construction

✓✓✓ Two types of lateral load resisting system:

i) Moment resisting system : Resist loads through flexural members and stiffness of rigid joint's of beam-column. It has high flexural strength in architechtiral design but produce greater deflection.

ii) Braced frame : Resist loads through a series of truss and their diagonal members. It has internally or externally flexible, not needed for moment connection, but produce obstruction in doors and windows due to their bracings.

✓✓✓ Structural design is the design of cross sectional members of building, in such a way that building can carry load safely and also provides economic specification to the construction of the building.