Question

1. What are the roles of the lateral hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamus in signaling hunger and satiety? Be sure to mention the concept of a “set-point” in your answer.

2. What is the principal difference between endotherms and ectotherms? What is an advantage of being an endotherm? What is a disadvantage of being an endotherm?

3. What do we mean by “entrainment” of circadian rhythms? Describe the role of light and the hypothalamus in entrainment.

4. With a well-labeled diagram or two, what are the stages of sleep and dreaming we pass through each night? Next, indicate how this overall pattern changes as one ages.

5. What is the mechanism of action of the three typical classes of anti-depressants? (Be specific.)

6. Describe the difference between osmotic and hypovolemic thirst. How are these two types of thirst detected?

7. Describe the sequence of biological events that lead an embryo with XY chromosomes to develop testes and a male reproductive tract.

8. Briefly outline three anatomical anomalies in the brains of people with schizophrenia.

need those answers please

Answer 1

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1

The concept of hunger is understood from the functioning of the lateral hypothalamus and ventromedial hypothalamus.

According to the setpoint, it determines human weight. The setpoint is DNA attributed mechanism which tells how much person weight will be. It is a biological concept which regulates various insulin, glucose, and metabolism functioning to regulate weight.

• The lateral hypothalamus works on the functions that it signals any internal or external stimulation that results in the feeling of hunger. For instance, Raj saw a donut. The lateral hypothalamus will signal the internal organs like the production of saliva or stomach feeling hungry. Setpoint will initiate metabolism and increase calorie intake.
• When a person feels hungry- he consumes food. When food is consumed then ventromedial hypothalamus sends signals that the person has eaten food and he is full. There is no need to intake more food. This explains the absence of hunger that is satiety. Setpoint wants to manage the weight to a fixed point so it will send hunger pangs, reduced calorie intake, and slows metabolism.