draw the pi molecular orbitals that are produced from the combination of the four p atomic...

draw the pi molecular orbitals that are produced from the combination of the four p atomic orbitals in 1,3-butadiene. Label each of the molecular orbitals as bonding, anti-bonding, or non-bonding and add an appropriate number of electrons to the molecular orbital diagram

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Expert Solution

the four 2p_z orbitals are all parallel to each other (and perpendicular to the plane of the sigma bonds), and thus there is ?-overlap not just between C₁ and C₂ and C₃ and C₄, but between C₂ and C₃ as well. The four atomic (2p_z) orbitals have combined to form four ? molecular orbitals.

The lowest energy molecular orbital, ?₁, has zero nodes, and is a bonding MO. Slightly higher in energy, but still lower than the isolated p orbitals, is the ?₂ orbital. This orbital has one node between C₂ and C₃, but is still a bonding orbital due to the two constructive interactions between C₁-C₂ and C₃-C₄. The two higher-energy MO’s are denoted ?₃* and ?₄*, and are antibonding. Notice that ?₃* has two nodes and one constructive interaction, while ?₄* has three nodes and zero constructive interactions. The energy of both of these antibonding molecular orbitals is higher than that of the 2p_z atomic orbitals of which they are composed.

queen_honey_blossom answered 1 year ago

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