Question

short summary on kumeyaay tribe

Answer 1

The Kumeyaay, otherwise called Tipai-Ipai, once in the past Kamia or Diegueño, are Native American individuals of the extraordinary southwestern United States and northwest Mexico. They live in the conditions of California in the US and Baja California in Mexico. In Spanish, the name is regularly spelled Kumiai.

Subgroups

The Kumeyaay comprise of two related gatherings, the Ipai and Tipai. The two seaside gatherings' conventional countries were around isolated by the San Diego River: the northern Ipai (reaching out from Escondido to Lake Henshaw) and the southern Tipai (counting the Laguna Mountains, Ensenada, and Tecate).

Nomenclature and tribal distinctions are not widely agreed upon. The general scholarly consensus (e.g., Langdon 1990) recognizes three separate languages: Ipai (Iipay) (Northern Kumeyaay), Kumeyaay proper (including the Kamia/Kwaaymii), and Tipai (Southern Kumeyaay) in northern Baja California. Other authorities (e.g., Luomala 1978 and Pritzker 2000) see only two: Ipai and Tipai.

HISTORY

Evidence of settlement in what is today considered Kumeyaay territory may go back 12,000 years. 7000 BCE marked the emergence of two cultural traditions: the California Coast and Valley tradition and the Desert tradition. The Kumeyaay had land along the Pacific Ocean from present Oceanside, California in the north to south of Ensenada, Mexico and extending east to the Colorado River. The Cuyamaca complex, a late Holocene complex in San Diego County is related to the Kumeyaay peoples.The Kumeyaay tribe also used to inhabit what is now a popular state park, known as Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve.

One view holds that historic Tipai-Ipai emerged around 1000 years ago, though a "proto-Tipai-Ipai culture" had been established by about 5000 BCE. Katherine Luomola suggests that the "nucleus of later Tipai-Ipai groups" came together around AD 1000. The Kumeyaay themselves believe that they have lived in San Diego for 12,000 years. At the time of European contact, Kumeyaay comprised several autonomous bands with 30 patrilineal clans.

POPULATION

In the late eighteenth century, it is assessed that the Kumeyaay populace was somewhere in the range of 3,000 and 9,000. In 1828, 1,711 Kumeyaay were recorded by the missions. The 1860 government registration recorded 1,571 Kumeyaay living in 24 villages.The Bureau of Indian Affairs recorded 1,322 Kumeyaay in 1968, with 435 living on reservations. By 1990, an expected 1,200 lived on reservation lands, while 2,000 lived somewhere else.

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