Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

In most resting cells, the concentration of sodium ions is higher outside of cells compared with...

In most resting cells, the concentration of sodium ions is higher outside of cells compared with the intracellular fluid. When cells are stimulated, sodium ion channels open, and sodium diffuses from the outside of the cell to the inside of the cell. Sodium ion concentrations in a resting cell are an example of ___________, and sodium ion movement in a stimulated cell is an example of ___________.

the energy of motion; stored energy
potential energy; kinetic energy
kinetic energy; potential energy
chemical work; energy stored in chemical bonds

Solutions

Expert Solution

Sodium ion concentrations in a resting cell are an example of Potential Energy, and sodium ion movement in a stimulated cell is an example of Kinetic Energy.

Explanation: In resting cell there is a voltage difference between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid(E.g -70mV for nerve cell), So this voltage is required for maintaining the resting state(no action potential is not generated in this state). In this condition cell stored energy as a potential difference. This potential energy is used for the stored or inactive state of the particular cell.

But, whenever a cell is stimulated that potential energy converted to kinetic energy(by opening sodium channel) and for this reason energy propagated through the cell to target region by action potential. So the inward sodium ion movement in a stimulated cell is an example of kinetic energy. This kinetic energy is used for the action of that particular cell.

Wrong Option: First option is incorrect because, in resting state there is no flow of sodium so this state can't be an example of the energy of motion, and in excited cell there is a flow of sodium ion so this state also can't be a example of stored energy.

Last option is also incorrect because in excited state of a cell there is no energy stored in chemical bonds, in this state stored energy transfer into action, so last option is also incorrect.


Related Solutions

Animal cells generally have a higher concentration of Na+ outside of the cell than inside the...
Animal cells generally have a higher concentration of Na+ outside of the cell than inside the cell and a membrane potential around -70 mV. When an Na+ moves into an animal cell, how does that movement impact the membrane potential? How does that movement impact the Na+ concentration gradient? Explain what an equilibrium potential for an ion is, what the resting membrane potential is, and how they are different.
Cells require a constant exchange of solutes (ions and small molecules) with the outside of the cell.
Cells require a constant exchange of solutes (ions and small molecules) with the outside of the cell. Many of these solutes undergo passive transport across the membrane. Passive transport occurs without the input of cellular energy. Some solutes are transported into the cell while others are transported out of the cell. Part A - Diffusion All molecules have energy that causes thermal motion. One result of thermal motion is diffusion: the tendency of substances to spread out evenly in the...
What is the molar concentration of Na+ ions in 0.015 M solutions of the following sodium...
What is the molar concentration of Na+ ions in 0.015 M solutions of the following sodium salts in water? (a) NaBr (b) Na2SO4 (c) Na3PO4
The K+ concentration inside a nerve cell is found to be 20x higher outside the cell...
The K+ concentration inside a nerve cell is found to be 20x higher outside the cell than inside the cell, while the Na+ concentration is 20x higher inside versus outside. A. If the membrane potential Em (Ein-Eout) is -77.6 mV, identify the ion that must be transported actively versus the ion that is near equilibrium (assuming ideal conditions). B. The NA+ -K+ -ATPase (or sodium-potassium pump), moves three sodium ions from inside to outside, and two potassium ions from outside...
in autorthythmic cells, influx of these two ions bring the cell threahold? A) sodium B) calcium...
in autorthythmic cells, influx of these two ions bring the cell threahold? A) sodium B) calcium C) chloride D) potassium
of the metal ions tested, sodium produces the brightest and most persistent color in the flame....
of the metal ions tested, sodium produces the brightest and most persistent color in the flame. do you think potassium could be detected visually in the presence of sodium by burning this mixture in a flame? could you detect both with a spectroscope?
7-During hyperpolarization: a- Potential difference returns to -70mv b-More sodium ions move from outside the neuron...
7-During hyperpolarization: a- Potential difference returns to -70mv b-More sodium ions move from outside the neuron to inside the neuron c-More potassium ions move from outside the neuron to inside the neuron d-Sodium and potassium ions return to their initial places e-None of the above
1.) Explain why the starting concentration of iron(III) ions exceeds the starting concentration of thiocyanate ions...
1.) Explain why the starting concentration of iron(III) ions exceeds the starting concentration of thiocyanate ions by two orders of magnitude. How is this important in terms of calculations? 2.) Using the reaction 2NH2CO2NH2(s)⇌2NH3(g)+CO2(g), determine the effect on equilibrium for the addition of the following below. SnCl2 NH3 NaOH. 3.) Using Equation K = [C]c [D]d / [A]a[B]b, compare Kp to Kc for the reaction. Discuss the difference in the two equilibrium constants. What does this say about the equilibrium...
1.) Explain why the starting concentration of iron(III) ions exceeds the starting concentration of thiocyanate ions...
1.) Explain why the starting concentration of iron(III) ions exceeds the starting concentration of thiocyanate ions by two orders of magnitude. How is this important in terms of calculations? 2.) Using the reaction 2NH2CO2NH2(s)⇌2NH3(g)+CO2(g), determine the effect on equilibrium for the addition of the following below. SnCl2 NH3 NaOH. 3.) Using Equation K = [C]c [D]d / [A]a[B]b, compare Kp to Kc for the reaction. Discuss the difference in the two equilibrium constants. What does this say about the equilibrium...
Calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, and sodium are some of the most abundant ions...
Calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, nitrate, nitrite, chloride, and sodium are some of the most abundant ions present in water samples. Two methods (predominant polyvalent cations and all polyvalent cations) have been used to measure Total Hardness (TH). Discuss when a) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations = TH measured using all polyvalent cations b) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations > TH measured using all polyvalent cations c) TH measured using the predominant polyvalent cations < TH measured...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT