In: Operations Management
The three different type of agencies are:- NIBRS or The National Incident-Based Reporting System The NCIC or National Crime Information Center N-DEX And The National Data Exchange is “ a criminal justice information-sharing platform. Discuss the types of published statistics each agency would produce. What are the specific reliability and validity problems with each?
solution
History
The UCR Program was based upon work by the International
Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the Social Science
Research Council (SSRC)[3] throughout the 1920s to create a uniform
national set of crime statistics, reliable for analysis. In 1927,
the IACP created the Committee on Uniform Crime Reporting to
determine statistics for national comparisons. The committee
determined seven crimes fundamental to comparing crime rates:
murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, burglary,
aggravated assault, larceny and motor vehicle theft (the eighth,
arson, was added under a congressional directive in 1979). The
early program was managed by the IACP, prior to FBI involvement,
done through a monthly report. The first report in January 1930
reported data from 400 cities throughout 43 states, covering more
than 20 million individuals, approximately twenty percent of the
total U.S. population.[4]
On June 11, 1930, through IACP lobbying, the United States Congress
passed legislation enacting 28 U.S.C. § 534, which granted the
office of the Attorney General the ability to "acquire, collect,
classify, and preserve identification, criminal identification,
crime, and other records" with the ability appoint officials to
oversee this duty, including the subordinate members of the Bureau
of Investigation. In 1930, full authority was passed to the Bureau
of Investigation (renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation in
1935). The July 1930 issue of the IACP crime report announced the
FBI’s takeover of the program. While the IACP discontinued
oversight of the program, they continued to advise the FBI to
better the UCR.
Since 1935, the FBI served as a data clearinghouse; organizing,
collecting, and disseminating information voluntarily submitted by
local, state, federal and tribal law enforcement agencies. The UCR
remained the primary tool for collection and analysis of data for
the next half century. Throughout the 1980s, a series of National
UCR Conferences were with members from the IACP, Department of
Justice, including the FBI, and newly formed Bureau of Justice
Statistics (BJS). The purpose was to determine necessary system
revisions and then implement them. The result of these conferences
was the release of a Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime
Reporting Program release in May 1985, detailing the necessary
revisions. The report proposed splitting reported data into two
separate categories, the eight serious crimes (which later became
known as "Part I index crimes") and 21 less commonly reported
crimes (which later became known as "Part II index crimes").
In 2003, FBI UCR data were compiled f