a) Why the flexural cracks are vertical (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam; while...

a) Why the flexural cracks are vertical (perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the beam; while shear cracks are inclined with approximately 45 degree from the longitudinal axis of the beam? Explain and discuss.

b) Why the design of rc section has to be carried out in such away to initiate the failure in steel before concrete? Explain and discuss.

c) What are the assumptions used in the reinforced concrete design?

Expert Solution

a) when there is flexural crack that means Normal stress was more than the flexural strenth and in that case maximum normal strees is 90 degree to suface or 0degree from surface hense crack is vertical but in shear crack it happens when shear is maximum and which occurs at 45 degree from surface. Hense shear crack are 45degree inclined. For more clarity you can refer general mohr circle diagram.

b) we design undereinforced sectoon because in case of failure steel will fail first and steel has very high elasticity and it elongates alot before breaking so it supports the structure and people get notice of small cracks on surface of structure and they get time to evacuate .

c)

Concrete resists compression stresses and steel (reinforcement) resists tensile stresses.
The design strength of concrete is a ratio of the characteristic compressive strength while steel strength is a ratio of yield stress.
The thermal coefficient of steel and concrete is the same.

Ally Wells answered 11 months ago

Suppose labor is on the horizontal axis and capital is on the vertical axis. If the...

Suppose labor is on the horizontal axis and capital is on the vertical axis. If the wage rate is $15 per worker per hour and the rental rate of capital is $10 per unit per hour, what is the slope of the isocost curve? A. Option A: –0.667 B. Option B: –15 C. Option C: –10 D. Option D: –1.5

A 2 by 4 wood beam (E = 2000 ksi) with an allowable flexural stress of...

A 2 by 4 wood beam (E = 2000 ksi) with an allowable flexural stress of 1200 psi is subjected to bending around it's strong axis. Determine the % increase in flexural moment capacity if the beam is reinforced by 2 0.25" steel (E = 30000 ksi) plates with an allowable flexural stress of 24000 psi at the top and the bottom of the beam respectively.

Two beams of electrons, beam 1 and beam 2, are moving along straight lines perpendicular to...

Two beams of electrons, beam 1 and beam 2, are moving along straight lines perpendicular to the page. We take the page to be the xy-plane. Beam 1 is moving into the page and intersects the page at point (−2, cm, 0 cm). Beam 2 is moving out of the page and intersects the page at point (2, cm, 0 cm). The streams of electrons are otherwise identical, each carrying current of magnitude 2 A. A negatively-charged particle having charge...

Good Y is on the vertical axis and good X is on the horizontal axis. If...

Good Y is on the vertical axis and good X is on the horizontal axis. If the slope of the indifference curve is steeper than the slope of the budget line then:MRS < −PX/PY.the consumer is willing to give up more of good Y to get additional units of good X.MRS < PX/PY.the consumer’s utility is maximized.the consumer is willing to give up more of good X to get an additional units of good Y.

assume that food is measured on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis. if...

assume that food is measured on the horizontal axis and clothing on the vertical axis. if the price of food increases relative to that of clothing, the budget line will.... a- become flatter b- becom steeper c- shitf outward d-become steeper or flatter depending on the relationship between price and income. e- none of the above Every optimal choice point - Indicates a point on the income consumption curve - represents tangency - maximizes demand - all if the above...

Derive the flexural rigidity of a sandwich beam whose breadth is b, which has a core...

Derive the flexural rigidity of a sandwich beam whose breadth is b, which has a core of thickness c and skins of thickness t each. The distance between the centroids of the skins is d, the skin and core moduli are Es and Ec respectively.

In an experiment with cosmic rays, a vertical beam of particles that...

In an experiment with cosmic rays, a vertical beam of particles that have charge of magnitude e and mass 6 times the proton mass enters a uniform horizontal magnetic field of B-0.5T and is bent in semicircle of diameter 50cm as shown in Figure. Find a speed of the particles as they enter the field. in m/s, 2 significant figures.

Draw a graph with leisure on the horizontal axis and income onthe vertical axis. Assume...

Draw a graph with leisure on the horizontal axis and income on the vertical axis. Assume 320 discretionary hours in a month, that can be used for labor or leisure, and that the wage is $13 an hour. Draw the budget constraint, and an indifference curve corresponding to choosing a full time 160 hour a month job. Label earnings. Assume the family would qualify for $785 in TANF benefits each month if hours of labor are zero. The program offers...

For a Michelson interferometer, the distances of the two perpendicular mirrors from the beam splitter differ...

For a Michelson interferometer, the distances of the two perpendicular mirrors from the beam splitter differ by 1.7 mm. If the interferometer is equipped by a sodium source having n = 589 nm, (a) what is the order of the central spot? (b) Is the central spot dark or bright? (c) For the 1.7-mm separation between the two mirrors, find the angle of inclination of the observed third bright fringe relative to the optical axis. (d) This interferometer is used...

In a labor market graph, _ is measured on the vertical axis, and _ is measured...

In a labor market graph, _____ is measured on the vertical axis, and _____ is measured on the horizontal axis. product price; number of workers number of workers; product price wage; hours of labor hours of labor; wage

Question