In: Finance
Alpha Insurance Company is obligated to make payments of $2 million, $3 million, and $4 million at the end of the next three years, respectively. The market interest rate is 8% per annum.
i. Determine the duration of the company’s payment obligations.
ii. Suppose the company’s payment obligations are fully funded and immunized using both 6-month zero coupon bonds and perpetuities. Determine how much of each of these bonds the company will hold in the portfolio. (7 marks )
1) The duration of a recurring payment (or cash received) is nothing but the weighted average of the time of payment, which can be calculated as follows:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
YEAR | Payment Obligation | PV:Nominal Value/(1+annual rate)^year | Share of cash flow in PV (col-3/sum(col-3)) | Weighted time of payment col-4*col-1 | |
1 | 2000000 | 1851851.852 | 0.243690456 | 0.243690456 | |
2 | 3000000 | 2572016.461 | 0.338458967 | 0.676917934 | |
3 | 4000000 | 3175328.964 | 0.417850577 | 1.25355173 | |
Sum | 7599197.277 | 2.17416012 |
So the duration would be 2.174 years
2)
a) six months zero coupon bonds:
The primary point to understand here is that the immunization simply means that the bonds in which the company would invest to meet its future obligations can be safely assumed to have a non-fluctuating 8% interest rate. With that in mind, we can draw a cash flow structure which pays a semi annual interest rate of 4% (8%/2). The cash flow table would look like this:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||
Payment Obligation | Nominal Value of Bond with Reinvested Int | Less the Payment Obligation (col-3-col-4) | |||
0.5 | - | XXX*(1.04) | XXX*(1.04)-(col-2) | ||
1 | 20,00,000 | (XXX*(1.04)-(col-2))*1.04 | |||
1.5 | - | ||||
2 | 30,00,000 | ||||
2.5 | - | ||||
3 | 40,00,000 | ||||
Initial bond portfolio Value | XXX |
Populating the rest of the values, and solving for XXX we get the initial bond portfolio value.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
Payment Obligation | Nominal Value of Bond with Reinvested Int | Less the Payment Obligation (col-3-col-4) | |
0.5 | - | 78,77,774 | 78,77,774 |
1 | 20,00,000 | 81,92,885 | 61,92,885 |
1.5 | - | 64,40,601 | 64,40,601 |
2 | 30,00,000 | 66,98,225 | 36,98,225 |
2.5 | - | 38,46,154 | 38,46,154 |
3 | 40,00,000 | 40,00,000 | - |
Initial bond portfolio Value | 75,74,783.10 |
Please note that this result can be calculated very easily using the goal seek function in EXCEL.
Ans. 75,74,783.10
b) Perpetuity:
The same obligation can be fulfilled by a perpetuity paying cash flows, the table for it can be drawn in the similar way.
Payment Obligation |
Nominal Value of perpetuity payments+ Reinvested Int |
Less the Payment Obligation (col-3-col-4) | |
0.5 | - | 14,44,980 | 14,44,980 |
1 | 20,00,000 | 29,47,759 | 9,47,759 |
1.5 | - | 24,30,650 | 24,30,650 |
2 | 30,00,000 | 39,72,856 | 9,72,856 |
2.5 | - | 24,56,750 | 24,56,750 |
3 | 40,00,000 | 40,00,000 | - |
Corpus for perpetuity | 3,61,24,500.89 |
Ans: 3,61,24,500.89