Part A. Name each chromatin remodeling complex: Repositioning to repress transcription: _________________ Measures linker DNA length...

Part A.

Name each chromatin remodeling complex:

Repositioning to repress transcription: _________________
- Measures linker DNA length & places nucleosomes at regular intervals
Changing the composition of histone octamers: _________________
- Replaces histone H2A with variant H2AZ to produce unstable nucleosomes
Sliding/removing nucleosomes to uncover enhancers/promoters: _________________
- Frees up regulatory sequences for transcription factor access

Part B.

Histone Modifications:

Acetylation __________ chromatin

Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are __________ that add acetyl groups (COCH₃)
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are __________ that remove acetyl groups (COCH₃)

Methylation __________ chromatin

Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) __________ methyl groups
Histone demethylases (HDMTs) __________ methyl groups

Solutions

Expert Solution

Name each chromatin remodeling complex : major chromatin remodelers in eukaryotes: SWI/SNF, ISWI, NuRD/Mi-2/CHD, INO80 and SWR1 .

Repositioning to repress transcription:- NuRD/Mi-2/CHD, this remodeling complexes act as the transcriptional repression in the nucleus.

Measures linker DNA length & places nucleosomes at regular intervals Changing the composition of histone octamers: Linker DNA is double-stranded DNA 38-53 bp long in between two nucleosome cores or histone octamers.

Replaces histone H2A with variant H2AZ to produce --removing nucleosomes to uncover enhancers. H2A.Z is also present at active enhancers that recruit RNA polymerase and produce enhancer RNAs H2A.Z, influence to thei nduction of cell-cycle promoting genes and is also required for the transcription of some other genes.

Histone Modifications:

Acetylation increases gene expression on chromatin Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) are "enzymes that acetylate conserved lysine amino acids on histone proteins"that add acetyl groups (COCH3)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes , from an amino acid on a histone that remove acetyl groups (COCH3) it decrease gene expressions.

Methylation "repress gene transcription" chromatin Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) add methyl groups Histone demethylases (HDMTs) remove methyl groups.

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