Question

The cell cycle control system responds to external and internal signals. What are four signals that regulate cell division? Briefly explain how they are each involved in this control in prevent tumors. Briefly explain what the differences are between a benign and a malignant tumor and how cancer cells are different than normals cells (what are they) and include how tumor suppressors proto-oncogenes work. What should males and females be checking every month.

Answer 1

CELL CYCLE CONTROL MECHANISM:-

Cancer is a characterized by abnormal and uncontrolled division of the cells to form a tumor or neoplasm , so cancer is a cellular disease.

In our body cell growth , differentiation and cell division is highly controlled and regulated. In Cancer cells there is breakdown of these regulatory mechanism.

Contact inhibition properties shown by normal cells by virtue of which contact with other cells in habit their uncontrolled growth but cancerous cell appear to have lost the property of contact inhibition ;so because of that reason cancer cell are rapid multiplication and form a mass of cell called tumor.

Difference difference between Benign tumor and malignant tumor:;

BENIGN TUMORS;

Benignbenign tumor normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage.

MALIGNANT TUMOR;;

MALIGNANT TUMOR ARE A MASS OF PROLIFERATING CELLS CALLED NEOPLASTIC OR TUMOR CELLS .NEOPLASTIC CELLS GROW VERY RAPIDLY , INVADING AND DAMAGING THE SURROUNDING NORMAL TISSUE AS THE CELLS ACTIVELY DIVIDE AND GROW THEY ALSO STARVE THE NORMAL CELLS BY COMPETING FOR VITAL NUTRIENTS CELL SLOUGHTED FOR SUCH TUMOR REACHED DISTANT SITE THROUGH BLOOD AND WHEREVER THEY GET LODGED IN THE BODY ,THEY START A NEW TUMOR THEIR THIS PROPERTY CALLED METASTASIS IS THE MOST FEARED PROPERTY OF MALIGNANT TUMOR.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORMAL CELLS AND CANCEROUS CELLS;

CANCER CELL DIFFER FROM NORMAL CELL IN SUCH A WAY NORMAL CELL ARE NORMAL CELL DIVISION AS THEY CONTROLLED AND REGULATED BY CELL CYCLE MECHANISM AND GENETIC OF ORGANISM BUT CANCEROUS CELL ARE UNCONTROLLED DIVISION AND NOT CONTROL BY THE MECHANISM OF CELL CYCLE.

Working of Proto-oncogene;

Several genes called cellular oncogenes or proto oncogene have identified in normal cells which ,when activated under certain conditions , could lead to oncogenics transformation of normal cells .

Cancer is caused due to activation of proto -oncogene to oncogene and inactivation of tumor suppressor gene .

Tumour promotes is substance that activate transcription in Cancer cells.

Checking sign of cancer in male and female;

A Thickening on the Skin or into the skin.

A Thickening or Lump or solid mass Anywhere in the Body.

Unusual Bleeding or Discharge from any Body Opening it may sign of tumor formation.