Question

In: Chemistry

A lack of ATP (high ADP, AMP, Pi) would favor a. Glycolysis over gluconeogenesis b. Glycogenolysis...

A lack of ATP (high ADP, AMP, Pi) would favor

a. Glycolysis over gluconeogenesis

b. Glycogenolysis over glycogenesis

c. Gluconeogenesis over glycolysis

d. Glycogenesis over glycogenolysis

e. Both a and b f. Both c and b

Please confirm if A is the correct answer.

Solutions

Expert Solution

Answer: a. Glycolysis over gluconeogenesis

If ATP conc was = AMP and Pi, then there would be no driving force. The equilibrium always favors low ATP (high ADP) concentration. However, the cell maintains [ATP] much higher than its equilibrium value. Thus a driving force for hydrolysis of ATP is always present. Since ATP is a source of energy and it is maintained out of equilibrium with its hydrolysis product ADP. If [ATP] were allowed to reach its equlibrium value, no free energy would be stored. When ATP / ADP ratio is low, the TCA cycle is turned on. An increase in ADP and the associated increase in AMP (due to the adenylate kinase equilibrium) will activate AMP deaminase and result in an increased formation of IMP and NH3. Deamination of AMP will occur during conditions of elevated ADP and AMP and thus reduced ATP/ADP ratio. Deamination of AMP will remove AMP from the adenylate kinase reaction and resore ATP/ADP ratio.

A high level of AMP indicates that the energy charge is low and signals the need for ATP generation. gluconeogenesis is nearly switched off and glycolysis is promoted.

Conversely, high levels of ATP and citrate indicate that the energy charge is high and that biosynthetic intermediates are abundant. Under these conditions, glycolysis is nearly switched off and gluconeogenesis is promoted.

Thank You So Much! Please Rate this answer as you wish.


Related Solutions

Regulation of GNG and glycolysis Describe how high energy charge favors gluconeogenesis over glycolysis based on...
Regulation of GNG and glycolysis Describe how high energy charge favors gluconeogenesis over glycolysis based on the ratio of [ATP]/[AMP] of high energy charge and allosteric regulation (McKee page 298). Describe how low energy charge measured by low ratio of [ATP]/[AMP] inhibits the rate of GNG based on allosteric regulation of fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase by AMP. Compare the rates of GNG and glycolysis in a liver cell with low energy charge based on allosteric regulation. Differentiate between the blood concentrations...
The ΔG°' for the reaction ATP + H2O <----- ADP + Pi + H+ is -30.5...
The ΔG°' for the reaction ATP + H2O <----- ADP + Pi + H+ is -30.5 kJ mol-1. Other organophosphate species also undergo hydrolysis of the phosphate moiety via a similar reaction. ------> Consider the following reaction that is not spontaneous when the concentrations of the reactants and products are all 1 M.    ATP + Acetic acid <----- ADP + Acetyl phosphate ------> What concentration of acetic acid would be necessary to make the reaction just begin to be...
11.) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + Pi---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Which of the...
11.) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + ADP + Pi---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP Which of the following describe this reaction? a. it is exergonic b. entropy in this reaction increases c. the energy in only contained in ATP d. A and B e. A and C 12.) For a protein to be an integral membrane protein, it would have to be _____. a. hydrophilic b. hydrophobic c. amphipathic d. completely covered with phospholipids e. exposed on only one surface of...
Gluconeogenesis is favored when citrate levels are __________, when AMP levels are __________, and when ATP...
Gluconeogenesis is favored when citrate levels are __________, when AMP levels are __________, and when ATP levels are __________. Select one: a. low; low; high b. high; low; high c. low; high; low d. high; high; low
if ATP + H20 --> ADP +Pi and is -30.5 kJ/mole and removing a phosphate from...
if ATP + H20 --> ADP +Pi and is -30.5 kJ/mole and removing a phosphate from X to give X +Phosphate (with water) is -25.5 kJ/mole. what is overall change in free energy to add a P to X using ATP +56 +4.5 -56 -4.5
Metal ions such as Mg2+ bind to ADP and Pi more tightly than to ATP. The...
Metal ions such as Mg2+ bind to ADP and Pi more tightly than to ATP. The effect of the presence of Mg2+ on the hydrolysis of ATP would be: To increase the ΔG°’ for hydrolysis To decrease the rate of hydrolysis and affect ΔG°’ To speed up the rate of hydrolysis but not affect ΔG°’ To decrease the rate of hydrolysis but not affect ΔG°’ To decrease the ΔG°’ for hydrolysis To speed up the rate of hydrolysis and affect...
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate has what effects on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A. Enhances glycolysis only. B. Enhances gluconeogenesis...
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate has what effects on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis? A. Enhances glycolysis only. B. Enhances gluconeogenesis only/ C. Inhibits glycolysis only D. Inhibits gluconeogenesis only. E. Enhances glycolysis/inhibits gluconeogenesis F. Inhibits glycolysis/enhances gluconeogenesis
Describe the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi by the F0F1-ATPase.   This enzyme couples two...
Describe the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi by the F0F1-ATPase.   This enzyme couples two processes – the transfer of protons from out to in and the synthesis of ATP – make sure your story includes some discussion of these two sub reactions and how one is coupled to the other.
When would serine 32 be phosphorylated, during glycolysis or gluconeogenesis?
When would serine 32 be phosphorylated, during glycolysis or gluconeogenesis?
Predict how an inhibitor of ATP/ADP translocase would affect O2 consumption
Predict how an inhibitor of ATP/ADP translocase would affect O2 consumption
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT