Question

Identify the phrases that correctly apply to how affinity determines receptor-ligand interactions. Select all that apply.

* allows receptors to recognize only a signal that they are made for

* allows receptors to form non-covalent bonds with messenger molecules

*relies on molecular fit between two molecules

* allows receptors to distinguish between very similar molecules

* in simple words it is just a strength of ligand binding

* is a measure of strength of binding

determines which type of ligands will bind to a receptor

Answer 1

The correctly affinity determines receptor - ligand interactions are as follows -

it allows  receptors to form non-covalent bonds with messenger molecules .

in simple words it is just a strength of ligand binding.  Is a measure of strength of binding

As a ligand binding to a receptor protein alters the conformation by affecting the three-dimensional shape orientation. The conformation of a receptor protein composes the functional state.

Ligands include substrates, inhibitors, activators, signaling lipids, and neurotransmitters .Binding affinity is actualized not only by host–guest interactions, but also by solvent effects that can play a dominant, steric role which drives non-covalent binding in solution. The solvent provides a chemical environment for the ligand and receptor to adapt, and thus accept or reject each other as partners.. The noncovalent interactions that result from this affinity are of particular importance in biological processes, including the catalysis of chemical reactions (by enzymes), neutralization of foreign toxins (by antibodies), and stimulation of cellular activities (by hormones). To initiate these processes, receptors and ligands exchange interactions with solvent and solute molecules for interactions with each other.The interaction of ligands with their binding sites can be characterized in terms of a binding affinity. In general, high-affinity ligand binding results from greater attractive forces between the ligand and its receptor while low-affinity ligand binding involves less attractive force.

There are several types of ligands will bind to a receptor like :-

Intracellular receptors

Intracellular receptors are receptor proteins found on the inside of the cell, typically in the cytoplasm or nucleus. In most cases, the ligands of intracellular receptors are small, hydrophobic (water-hating) molecules, since they must be able to cross the plasma membrane in order to reach their receptors.

Cell-surface receptors

Cell-surface receptors are membrane-anchored proteins that bind to ligands on the outside surface of the cell. In this type of signaling, the ligand does not need to cross the plasma membrane.

Ligand-gated ion channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are ion channels that can open in response to the binding of a ligand.

G protein-coupled receptors

GPCRs are diverse and bind many different types of ligands. One particularly interesting class of GPCRs is the odorant (scent) receptors. There are about 800800800 of them in humans, and each binds its own “scent molecule”