Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

A 66-year-old man went to his doctor for evaluation of ongoing episodes of chest pain, being...

A 66-year-old man went to his doctor for evaluation of ongoing episodes of chest pain, being lightheaded and shortness of breath with exertion, 2 weeks ago he fainted while going up the stairs. His chart showed a heavy calcified aortic valve and his valve area is 40% of its normal size.

What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient's condition?

if the patient is not treated in time what will happen, to his stroke volume?

what are the treatment options?

Solutions

Expert Solution

Answer.

Data given - patient male with age 66

Symtpoms - chest pain ongoing episodes , lightheaded , shortness of the breath with exertion from 2 weeks , fainted

Finding - calcified aortic valve , valve area is 40% of normal size.

Now Diagnosis so the diagnosis is the aortic valve stenosis , patient is suffering from the aortic valve stenosis in which valve gets narrow and thickened due to the deposition of the calcium , this problem usually occurs after the age of 65 which shows first confirmatory diagnosis point as the age of the patient is 66 here.

In the aortic valve stenosis there is decrease in the outflow of the blood from.the ventricle and supply somehow gets disturbed and pressure increased in the ventricle causes the symptoms like chest pain , light headedness shortness of breath etc.

So it is the problem of aortic stenosis which is the confirmed diagnosis if there will not be proper treatment given it will effect the stroke volume as the stroke volume use to fall.

By the stage of mild stenosis conditions gets into the control but in moderate and severe cases as given in condition 40% comes in the moderate and in this case the stroke volume starts falling because there will be gradually increase in the end-systolic volume and decrease in the end-diastolic volume.

End-systolic volume is the amount of blood that is left in each ventricle after the ejection period or phase.

End diastolic volume is the total amount of blood filled in the ventricle at the end of filling phase.

So the stroke volume will increase if this problem is left untreated for a long time and its very dangerous.

Treatment options are most safer are surgery in this case because there are some sort of medicines that can be given but they usually works as the symptomatic relief.

There are ACE inhibitors , beta blockers are given for symptomatic relief but as a treatment surgery is suggested.

There are mainly two things are seen in the case of aortic stenosis and they are.

  • BALLOON VULVULOPLASTY
  • TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT ( TAVR)

1 ) So in the first balloon vulvuloplasty is ths process in which thin long rubber tube like valve is inserted into the body from.the groin to the heart and so by this process the valves gets controlled. As balloon inlfates it stretches the valve.

2) TAVR it is suggested if the case is severe and open heart surgery is not possible so this is done in this threaded valve is inserted into the artery through the femoral path or from the chest.

Or we can also go for open heart surgery.

Good wishes , do upvote thanks


Related Solutions

Bobby, a 72-year-old retired male went to his doctor, complaining of leg pain that started in...
Bobby, a 72-year-old retired male went to his doctor, complaining of leg pain that started in his lower back, ran across the side of his thigh and over the front of his knee. Next, he developed pain that radiated from his back to his front at the chest through the level of his nipples and also at the umbilicus. A physical and laboratory tests showed hard nodule on his prostate and an elevation in several of the blood tests. His...
A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain. The pain improves...
A 35-year-old man presents to the emergency department with complaints of chest pain. The pain improves by leaning forward. On review, he has noted a flu-like illness over the last several days including fever, runny nose and cough. Upon further investigation his blood test indicates signs/parameters for infection. He denies tobacco, alcohol or drug use. His head and neck examination is notable for clear mucus in the nasal passages. However, his jugular venous pressure is high. Also, during his cardiac...
S.H. is a 25-year-old man who comes to the emergency department with chest pain radiating to...
S.H. is a 25-year-old man who comes to the emergency department with chest pain radiating to the arm, behind sternum. Subjective Data Character. Substernal chest pain, pressure, heaviness, or discomfort. Other sensations include a squeezing, aching, burning, choking, strangling, or cramping pain. Severity. Pain score of 10 Location. Behind middle or upper third of sternum radiating to the arm. Objective Data Physical Examination Blood pressure 189/92, pulse 120, temperature 97.7° F, respirations 22 Labs 1.The health care provider diagnoses S.H....
A 25 year old woman who was being treated for breast cancer went to her doctor...
A 25 year old woman who was being treated for breast cancer went to her doctor complaining of a sore mouth and difficulty swallowing. The doctor examines her mouth and found white patches on the inside as well as on her tongue. The white patches looked like cottage cheese or milk curds. The doctor was able to make his diagnosis based on the physical examination, but decided to take a culture and send it to the clinical laboratory for definitive...
Jason is a 5-year-old child who went with his mother to the pediatrician. The doctor measured...
Jason is a 5-year-old child who went with his mother to the pediatrician. The doctor measured Jason’s weight and length, and informed his mother that Jason has a BMI in the 95th percentile. This means that Jason has obesity. When asked to describe their family history, his mother provided the following information: 1) his mother had a pre-pregnancy BMI of 33 kg/m2; 2) his mother was diagnosed with gestational diabetes; and 3) Jason was born large-for-gestational-age. When asked to describe...
A 55-year-old male presented with bone pain in his spine and chest in addition to extreme...
A 55-year-old male presented with bone pain in his spine and chest in addition to extreme fatigue and anemia. The clinician ordered several tests with the following results: Lab Report Hemoglobin: 9.7 (13.8 - 17.2 g/dL) Calcium: 11.4 (8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL) Creatinine clearance: 35 (97 - 137 mL/min) Total Protein: 8.1 (6.0 - 8.0 g/dL) Albumin: 3.3 (3.5 - 5.5 g/dL) SPE:  monoclonal IgA (1.5 g/dL) Bence-jones proteins present in urine. What is the patient's likely condition, given the reports...
A man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal area, elevated temperature and...
A man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal area, elevated temperature and nausea. Tests rule out an abdominal obstruction or infection, but show the presence of blood in his urine. X-rays show a shadow in his right ureter. Diagnose the problem and give the suggested treatment.
1) An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank...
1) An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area, elevated temperature, and nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections. Plain X-rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish) spot in the area of his right ureter. Diagnose his problem. Give suggested treatment and prognosis. 2) What clinical effects would low blood pressure have on the kidneys of a burn patient? 3) Eleven-year-old Harry is complaining of a severe sore throat and gets to...
A 64 yr old man comes to the emergency department with acute chest pain. He is...
A 64 yr old man comes to the emergency department with acute chest pain. He is holding his chest with his fist directly over his sternum. He is diaphoretic. He is in work clothes and has been mowing the lawn. It is 98F outside. What nursing actions would be appropriate immediately?
A 36-year-old man and his 32-year-old wife are undergoing an evaluation for fertility. A seminal fluid...
A 36-year-old man and his 32-year-old wife are undergoing an evaluation for fertility. A seminal fluid specimen is collected at home and brought to the lab for routine testing. Color: Gray Volume: 4.5 mL liquefaction: 50 minutes Viscosity: 0 (watery) Motility: 70% Concentration: 15x106/mL Morphology: 70% normal vitality: 60% Leukocytes: 0.8x106 cells/mL 1. List any abnormal or discrepant results. 2. Do any of the results obtained suggest improper specimen collection or laboratory error? 3. Are any of the results obtained...
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT
ADVERTISEMENT