Question

(a) In the space below, compare and contrast the terms 'epigenetic modification' and 'epigenetic inheritance'.

(b) Can epigenetic inheritance be studied in a dividing unicellular eukaryote such as yeast? Why or why not?

(c) Epigenetic modification of histones and epigenetic modification of DNA by DNA-methylation have some conceptual similarities as well as differences. For example, both have enzymes that can add or remove chemical modifications. Of the classes of DNA methylation enzymes below, circle the one that allows the pattern of 5me-C to be inherited in the daughter strand following DNA replication.

-maintenance DNA methyl-transferases

-de novo DNA methyl-transferases

-demethylating enzymes

(d) Draw out a double stranded DNA (shorthand, at the resolution of CATG type writing) that displays what a hemimethylated CpG site looks like. | | | |

GTAC

Answer 1

a) Epigenetic modifications are defined as stable and heritable alterations in gene expression and cellular function without changes to the original DNA sequence while epigenetic inheritance refers to external modifications to DNA that turn genes "on" or "off." These modifications do not change the DNA sequence, but instead, they affect how cells "read" genes. Examples of epigenetics. Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of DNA.

b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) is  the most recognised and well-studied model system for epigenetic regulation and the inheritance of chromatin state. In 2016 it was shown that the histone marks, H3K4 methylation and H4K16 acetylation are very quickly re-established on nascent DNA strands following the passage of the replication fork, suggesting that these marks in particular might contribute to epigenetic inheritance in yeast

c) demethylating enzymes

d)

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