Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local...

Mrs. Debbie Morgan is a 45-year-old female who works as a stocking clerk for a local home improvement store. While she was at work today a large box of metal rivets fell from a 20-ft.-high overhead shelf, striking her outstretched arm and knocking her to the ground. The ambulance personnel reported that she had lost quite a bit of blood at the accident scene and was “knocked out” when they arrived. To minimize further hemorrhage, the paramedics applied a pressure bandage to her arm.

You meet the paramedics as they bring Mrs. Morgan into the emergency room and begin to assess her for injuries. She is awake and alert, but complaining of severe left arm and back pain, plus she has a “killer headache.” To fully examine her injuries you remove four blood-soaked bandages from her arm. You notice a large open wound on her arm with what appears to be bone tissue sticking out of the skin. She also has bruises covering her left shoulder, left wrist, and lower back. To determine the extent of her injuries Mrs. Morgan undergoes several x-rays, which reveal the following:

  1. Most connective tissue, including bone, is highly vascular. Which anatomical structures in Mrs. Morgan’s compact bone house blood vessels (2 points)? What sign or symptom in Mrs. Morgan’s case is directly related to disruption of these structures by her bone fractures (1 point)? How is the sign or symptom related to these anatomical structures (1 point)?
  1. Within days after a fracture, a “soft callus” of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage (1 point)? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions (2 points).
  1. As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue (1 point)? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process (1 point)and explain how it occurs (2 points).

Solutions

Expert Solution

  • Which anatomical structures in Mrs. Morgan’s compact bone house blood vessels (2 points)? What sign or symptom in Mrs. Morgan’s case is directly related to disruption of these structures by her bone fractures (1 point)? How is the sign or symptom related to these anatomical structures (1 point)?

The anatomical name of which houses blood vessels and nerves within the bone is central canal. Vascularisation of most connective tissues and bones are revealed by X ray depicts the disruption of central canal. Because that the blood vessels lie inside the bone, injury to this canal leads to blood leakage and vascularization of bone.

  • Within days after a fracture, a “soft callus” of fibrocartilage forms. What fibers are found in this type of cartilage (1 point)? Identify the cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation and list their functions (2 points).

Collagen fibers of type I and II are found in soft callus. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts are cells required for fibrocartilaginous callus formation. Fibroblasts secrete collagenous extracellular matrix and these cells dissipate and lying in the resulting extracellular matrix that is the new bone.

  • As a fracture is repaired, new bone is added to the injury site. What term is used to describe the addition of new bone tissue (1 point)? Identify which bone cell is responsible for this process (1 point)and explain how it occurs (2 points).

Addition of new bone tissue is called as ossification/bone deposition which iscarried out by osteoblasts. Osteoblast promote this process by secretion of unmineralized bone matrix including collagen, bone proteins and calcium- binding proteins which are lay down on bone tissue followed by addition of calcium and phosphorus.


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