Question

Geoffrey’s cardiovascular function improves, and he starts following a healthier lifestyle. After a couple of years, his daughter takes him to the hospital for a surgical procedure requiring mechanical.ventilation. To facilitate this, his doctor plans to use a non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker, with an appropriate reversal agent thereafter. The surgery goes well, however, Geoffrey experiences facial flushing, and starts complaining of breathing difficulties thereafter. His doctor diagnoses him with non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema due to the reversal agent, and decides to use furosemide to treat it. Based on the procedure and clinical outcomes, i) suggest which non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker was used and explain your reasoning, ii) explain how the non-depolarising neuromuscular blocker would facilitate mechanical ventilation by referring to physiological processes, iii) explain whether the reversal agent may cause peripheral or central side effects with at least one associated side effect other than already mentioned, and iv) explain how furosemide would treat his pulmonary oedema.  

Answer 1

The cardiovascular system involved the circulation of blood with the network of the vessel the bodies was to improve the individual cells with nutrient and oxygen. This also helps to dispose of the metabolic waste in which the heart pumps the blood around the blood vessels. The function of cardiovascular systems to transport the waste product across the body. The body from infection of the cells and blood loss also helps to maintain the body temperature and maintain the fluid balance in the body.
(i)Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers which are used to explain the reasoning involve neuromuscular blocking agents. They also interrupted the transmission of the skeleton and neuromuscular junction that cause the depolarization of motor and plate. They act as receptor agonist which combine to the receptor and form the action potential. They combine with the receptors but they are unable to induce the opening of channels. The patient is facing facial flushing and experiencing breathing difficulties which may lead to cause pulmonary edema. This represents that succinyl alkaline can be used in the form of drugs for emergencies for the intubation of critically ill patients.
(ii)In this case, the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers that facilitate mechanical ventilation are by referring to the physiological process because that does not depolarize the motor endplate. Quaternary ammonium from muscle relaxant is used to inhibit the neuron transmission to the muscle by blocking the acid-alkaline receptor. This decreases the elevation of motor activity.
(iii)The reversal agent which is used and causes the peripheral and Central effect which are associated with the side effect represent the administration of neuromuscular blocking. These are of a different type in which one can observe the spontaneous recovery which is required for the administration of neuromuscular blocking. These are generally defined as those drugs which have the reverse effect for example glycopyrrolate used to neutralize the side effect of these drugs.
(iv)Furosemide is helpful to treat the pulmonary edema because of the decreasing pressure which is caused by excess fluid in the lungs and heart. By giving this in the form of intravenous one can observe the rapid vascular changes and leads to cause we know dilation and decrease the pulmonary congestion.