Question

Brain Functions

Electroencephalogram

1. The frequency of: alpha waves is ________, delta waves _______, theta waves _______, and beta waves_________.
2. Alpha waves are present during_________; delta waves are present during ________, beta waves are present during ________, and theta waves are present during

Sleep

1. The deepest stage of non-REM sleep is __________. REM sleep is also called _________. The EEG of REM is similar to the _________. The lightest sleep stage is _________. The ‘sleep chemical’ is _________. Sleep is triggered by the ________ and inhibited by the ________

Memory

1. A neuronal synapses that create memories are called _________. Memories that last for a life-time are called _________ and memories that fade after a few hours are called ________. Damage to the cerebrum may cause _________ which is the loss of long-term memory.   The inability to recall previous memories is called _________ and the inability to form new memories is called _______. The ________ is necessary to create long-term memories.

Language

1. The muscles used for speaking are controlled by _________. The meaning of words is processed by the _________. The ability to understand emotions in speech is controlled by ________ and the ability to convey emotions in speech is controlled by ________. Symptoms of fluent aphasia are ________; this is caused by _________. Symptoms of nonfluent aphasia are _________; this caused by _________

Autonomic Nervous System

1. Overview
   1. The ANS is the motor division for the control of __________. This system uses ________ pathway to its targets. The preganglionic neuron releases ___________ and the postganglionic neuron releases ________. The preganglionic neuron is __________(myelinated/unmyelinated) and the postganglionic neuron is ________ (myelineated/unmyelinated).
      
2. Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Division
   1. The preganglionic neurons travel through ____________. Most parasympathetic neurons travel through the ________ nerve. The sympathetic division uses ___________ spinal nerves.
   2. Although most organ receive dual innervations, some organs are only innervated by the ___________ division.
   3. The sympathetic division is controlled by the ____________ and the parasympathetic division is controlled by the ___________.
3. Effects
   1. The effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity on the following organs are
      1. Pupil diameter: S___________; P_________
      2. Heart rate: S___________; P_________
      3. Bronchiole: S___________; P_________
      4. Digestive tract: S___________; P_________
      5. Blood vessels: S___________; P_________
      6. Urine production: S___________; P_________
      7. Erection: S___________; P_________
      8. ejaculation: S___________; P_________

Answer 1

BRAIN FUNCTIONS
Alpha: 8-13hz
0.5-4hz
4-7hz
13-30hz
Drowsy/relaxed state
Nrem 3
Awake, eyes open
NREM1

SLEEP
NREM3
Paradoxical sleep
Saw tooth
NREM1
Melatonin
Ach
NE

Memory-
Memory traces
Long term memories
Short term memory
Amnesia
Retrograde amnesia
Anterograde amnesia
Consolidation

3rd fill in the blank in ans overview
Ach
4th one: Ach by para and NA by symp
8th: cranial nerves 3,7,9 and sacral 2,3,4
9th: throacic and lumbar

ANS EFFECTS
Pupil: mydriasis, miosis
Hr: increase, decrease
Bronchiole: bronchodil, bronchoconstriction
Digestive: constipation, diarrhoea
Urine: decrease, increase
Erection: sympathetic : detumescence and parasympathetic causes erection
Ejaculation: sympathetic system: results in ejaculation and parasympathetic:
Blood vessel: S: vasoconstriction , P: vasodilation

LANGUAGE
Language
2nd: wernicke's area
5th: comprehension impaired/sensory aphasia
6th: damage to wernickes area ()
7th: motor aphasia/speech output decreased
8th: brocas area