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A box contains 7 black balls and a single red ball. Peter and Frances draw without...

A box contains 7 black balls and a single red ball. Peter and Frances draw without replacement balls from this urn, alternating after each draw until the red ball is drawn. The game is won by the player who happens to draw the single red ball. Peter is a gentleman and offers Frances the choice of whether she wants to start or not. Frances has a hunch that she might be better off if she starts; after all, she might succeed in the first draw. On the other hand, if her first draw yields a black ball, then Peter’s chances to draw the red ball in his first draw are increased, because then one black ball is already removed from the urn. How should Frances decide in order to maximize her probability of winning?

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