Question

In this module, you have reviewed acoustic and radio sensors. Although they are both passive sensors, they function very differently. Given what you have learned about these sensor types, identify the strengths, weaknesses, and several example applications for both. Which do you think has the most potential for early UAS commercial operations in America and why? Can you identify any needs for additional development to make these sensors more viable for widespread integration with UAS, particularly small platforms? Be sure to consider issues related to noise, interference, effective range, etc.

Answer 1

Solution:

Let us first understand what are Acoustic and Radio sensors where they are used and there principles of working then we can expand our knowledge according to further requirements .

Acoustic wave sensors are so named because their detection mechanism is a mechanical, or acoustic, wave. As the acoustic wave propagates through or on the surface of the material, any changes to the characteristics of the propagation path affect the velocity and/or amplitude of the wave. Changes in velocity can be monitored by measuring the frequency or phase characteristics of the sensor and can then be correlated to the corresponding physical quantity being measured.

Virtually all acoustic wave devices and sensors use a piezoelectric material to generate the acoustic wave.

Uses in military sytems :

Radio Sensor

Radio receivers can be used to detect and locate enemy radio. Enemy radars can be located in much the same way. Messages can be intercepted. This form of warning has been combated by radio silence and by spoofing, the transmission of signals intended to deceive.

Radio direction finders can be used to locate nuclear bursts, because the explosion generates a large amount of energy in the radio frequency region.

Acoustic Sensor

While electromagnetic waves do not propagate well under water, acoustic waves do and can be used to detect submerged submarines. These detection systems, called sonar, may intercept propeller or other noise generated by the submarine or may send out sounds and receive echoes from the submarine hull. Sonar devices can be operated aboard surface ships, aboard submarines, on floating sonobuoys, or suspended by cables from helicopters and dunked in the ocean.

Sonar systems are limited in range by attenuation (weakening) of the sound energy in water, bending caused by temperature differences in water layers, and extraneous noises, including reflections from the sea bottom.

Acoustic receivers are also used on land in sensors deployed near trails to detect the presence of personnel or vehicles along roads. The sounds are sent by radio to listening posts. Acoustic sensors are also used in monitoring nuclear explosions.

Hence , for nuclear bursts we can use Radio sensors for better results,

While when we consider case of under water detection then Acoustic sensors do well .

However , while using under water proper insulations and coverings are needed for better accuracy upto 1%

For early UAS operation due to there vast advantages . These are considered to be good option.

For , proper use one can use modern controllers to get better outputs . We can use multiple signals generators to get less distorted signals dueto noise .