Question

In this activity, it is important you cover all the concepts in whatever method that you use to show that you remember some of the basics about networking. Make sure you review the reading material before starting. Note that this will take more than one reading source to complete. Here are the requirements:

• Describe network devices and how they operate (be sure to include a hub, switch, router, server, firewall, access point, and cable modem).

• Describe the difference between the OSI and TCP/IP models.

• Describe protocols within the TCP/IP model.

• Describe at which layer of the TCP/IP model each network device operates.

Answer 1

1) The first requirement is a description of various networking devices first let us start with the network device Hub-hub is a device which is used as a common connection point it consists of different ports which are used for connecting the Lan to the hub. Hub is responsible for transferring the data as frames.frames in hub carries the data.

There are three types of hubs the first one is a passive hub which cannot regenerate the signals before they are shared in the network and it doesn’t improve the performance of local area networks.

The active hubs are the second type of hubs regenerates the incoming signals and it maximizes the network device distances.

Intelligent hubs are the third type of hubs which has the capabilities of the remote management system and they provide flexible data rates to the devices.

2) Switch- Switch is another networking device which is used for connecting the multiple devices using the Local area networks. The switch uses the medium access control address for connecting the devices. A switch operates at the data link layer each device connected to the switch port can transmit the data to any other ports connected in the switch.

3) Routers -A router is an intelligent device which forwards data packets between the different network devices connected to it. A router is a device which connects the different devices in the network and forwards the data packets between them. The router can assign an IP address to the devices connected in the network.

4) Server- Server is used to provide services in the networks. The files can be transferred over the internet using the file transfer protocols. Servers are the software which handles the request sent by the various clients and responds to that querries.

5) Firewalls are used to protect the network and it is used to provide the security the network one can design the firewall and protect the network. Firewall rules are set in such a way that the new connection can be accepted or rejected and the existing connection can be dropped.

6) An access point is a device which creates the wireless network access to various devices by providing the IP address to access the devices. It can be used in connecting multiple devices. We can provide security to the access point so that it can be secured connection.

7) Cable Modem-A cable modem is a hardware device which is used to convert the analog signals into digital signals. The device is used to communicate to the Internet service provider.

OSI Layer	TCP/IP Layer
It is a theoretical model which is used.	It is a practical model which is used to transfer the data over the internet
There are a total of 7 layers	There are four layers.
Developed by the department of defense(DOD)	Developed by the international standard organization(ISO)
It is never used in practical	It used in practical.

There are four different layers in the TCP/IP model they are

1) Network interface layer-These layer acts as a medium between host and the transmission links which is used for sending the datagrams.

2) Internet layer- This layer is responsible for sending the packets in the network which travels to the destination location. It uses IP, ICMP, and ARP as standard packet formats.

3) Transport Layer- It is used to send the data between source and destination in the form of datagrams it uses the TCP and UDP protocols for transmission.

4) Application Layer-These layer is responsible to provide access to the users for service like the Internet and the protocols used by this layer is FTP, SMTP, DNS and HTTP, RTP.

The Internet layer and application layer is responsible for transmitting the data over the network.