Question

1. What is the typical characteristic of patients at moderate risk for exercise participation (from the risk stratification criteria for patients with cardiovascular disease)?

a.) Absence of complicated ventricular dysrhythmias at rest.

b.) Presence of abnormal hemodynamics with exercise testing (e.g., severe postexercise hypotension)

c.) High level of silent ischemia during exercise testing

d.) Functional capacity <5 METs with exercise testing

2. _____ cerebral palsy is a type of cerebral palsy with damage to the basal ganglia with inability to control muscle tone, while____ cerebral palsy is with damage to cerebellar structure, which shows overall poor balance and coordination

a.) Dyskinetic, ataxic

b.)Dyskinetic, spastic

c.) Spastic, dyskinetic

d.) Spastic, ataxic

3. For in patient with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction, the aerobic exercise intensity can be set as RPE ______ on 6-20 scale, and for post surgery as resting HR +____.

a.) ≤11, +30 bpm

b.) ≤11, +20 bpm

c.) ≤13, +30 bpm

Answer 1

2. Answer is option a.

Cerebral palsy is a general term for a group of disorders impacting a person’s motion, balance, and posture. Four main types of cerebral palsy are recognized: Spastic, Athetoid(dyskinetic), Ataxic and Mixed.

• Spastic- most common type.

It is caused by damage to the brain’s motor cortex, which controls voluntary movement. It is also caused by damage to the pyramidal tracts, which help relay signals to the muscles. This is why spastic CP is sometimes referred to as “pyramidal”. Those with spastic cerebral palsy are hypertonic with stiff, tight muscles which cannot relax in some parts of their body. The affected joints can become rigid and difficult to move.

Common signs and symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy include: Awkward reflexes, Stiffness in one part of the body, Contractures (permanently tightened muscles or joints) and Abnormal gait.

• Athetoid/Dyskineic/ Extrapyramidal- non spastic and is caused by damage to the brain’s basal ganglia and/or cerebellum. It  is characterized by a mixture of hypotonia and hypertonia, which causes muscle tone to fluctuate. The main trait of athetoid cerebral palsy is involuntary movement in the face, torso and limbs.
• Ataxic-  it is primarily caused by damage to the cerebellum, which controls balance and coordination. People with ataxic CP often experience tremors and a reduction in muscle tone. Those with ataxic cerebral palsy tend to have tremors that occur with voluntary movements. This leads to difficulty performing tasks requiring precise motor control, such as buttoning their clothes and writing, they’ll often walk with an unsteady gait with their feet far apart from one another.
• Mixed- Mixed cerebral palsy results from damage to many parts of the brain. They may have some hypertonic muscles, as people with spastic cerebral palsy do, and some hypotonic muscles, as people with athetoid cerebral palsy do.