Question

3.   If you were testing a relationship between gender, income, and race, which of the following variables would most likely to be the dependent variable:

     a. income

     b. gender

     c. race

     d. b and c

4. Women should be given access to higher education is a (an)

     a. proposition

     b. theory

     c. statement of a relationship

     d. value judgment

     e. none of the above

5.   Which of the following are variables?

     a. female, Jewish, high school degree

     b. plumber, professor, dentist

     c. occupation, political party preference, birthrate

     d. violent, middle class, 9 millimeter

     e. none of the above

6.   Spurious is an term used to show that

     a. X causes Y

     b. Y cause X

     c. X and Y have reciprocal causation

     d. Y does not cause X and X does not cause Y

     e. none of the above

7.   If we can establish that variable X comes before variable Y in time, then we can say

     a. variable X is a cause of variable Y

     b. variable X is not a cause of variable Y

     c. variable Y is a cause of variable X

     d. variable Y is not a cause of variable X

     e. variable Y may cause variable X

8.   The 55 mph speed limit was introduced in the U.S. in 1973. Shortly thereafter the number of auto accidents declined. We can conclude that

     a. the reduced speed limit caused the decline in auto             accidents.

          b. the reduced speed limit may have caused the decline in the number of auto accidents.

          c.   the reduced speed limit and the number of auto     accidents are causally related

     d.   the reduced speed limit had nothing to do with the             decline in auto accidents.

     e. the number of accidents caused the speed limit to be           reduced.

9.   For a causal relationship to exist there must be evidence

     a.   of an empirical correlation between the variables

     b.   that one variable precedes the other

          c.   that missing variables are not responsible for changes observed in the dependent variable

     d.   all of the above

     e.   a and b only

Answer 1

3. Most likely to be dependent variable is

Answer : income

explanation:

The effect of independent variable is called dependent variable .here gender and race is independent but income is dependent on them . So income is dependent variable.

4. Women should be given acess of higher Education .

answer: proposition

explanation:

Proposition is an opinion or judgement about any statement .Here , also opinion and judgement has mentioned that wonen sould be given acess of higher Education. So this statement is a proposition.

5 . Following is variable

Answer: Occupation , political party preference and birthrate .

Explanation :

variable are those which are consistently changes aand vary with situation and duration . Here occupation, political preffrence and birthrate are constantly vary with circumstances .ao these are variable .

6. Spurious term uaed to show

aanswer:

Y doesn't causes X and X doesn't causes Y .

explanation:

spurious is reasonning term but practically it is invalid . Generally it is termed as false and fake . Y and X doesn't have relationship or not vary may be apperant but practically it is not valid and aceptable . Because X and Y are vary to each other .