Question

37. The combined symptoms of high metabolism, high CNS activity, and high body temperature would indicate excess secretion of:

a. cortisol

b. epinephrine

c. Growth hormone

d. Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

5. The sub- mucosa layer of the digestive organs is most likely to

a. contain specialized glands, blood vessels and nerves

b. contain smooth muscle and myenteric plexus nerves

c. contain villi, microvilli and goblet cells

d. All of the above

21. During the intestinal phase digestion

a. chyme enters duodenum; decreased gastric secretion

b. food enters the stomach; mass movement in the large intestine

c. the thought of food is stimulated; pancreatic and gallbladder secretion

d. undigested waste enters the colon; absorption of water and salt

10. An organ that does NOT contain villi, has goblet cells, 2 layers of smooth muscle and does NOT provide mechanical or chemical; digestion is the:

a. stomach

b. small intestine

c. pancreas

d. large intestine

19. emulsification of lipids requires ___ which are produced in the ___

a. bile salts; liver

b. enzymes; pancreas

c. acid; stomach

d. cholesterol; gallbladder

Answer 1

37.d. Thyroid hormone (T3/T4)

Thyorid hormone is essential for the normal development and regulates the body metabolism.The activation of the T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine) occurs through 5'-deiodinase 2 (D2) that helps in regulation of metabolism. D2 is found to be functioning in hypothalamus,fat tissues,skeletal muscles and helps in thermoregulation.The excess of thyroid hromones causes hyperthyroidism and high metabolic rate ,high activity in CNS and hot flashes (Increase body temperature).Cortisol and epinephrine released by adrenal gland helps in fight and flight response causes sweating ,thus lowers the temperature. Excess of growth hormone causes abnormal growth and development .

38.d. All of the above

The submucosal layer of digestive organ consists of blood vessels,lymphatic vessels and nerves and supply to the mucosa layer. In gastro intestinal layer,parasympathetic ganglia combined to form the meissner's plexus. This layer also contains specialized cells which secrete mucus known as globet cell . Villi and microvilli present in this layer,helps in efficient absorption of molecule.

21A.chyme enters duodenum; decreased gastric secretion

Intestinal phase refers to the chyme entry from the stomach pylorus to the duodenum of the small intestine. It inhibit the secretion of gastrin in stomach through enterogastric reflex.It occurs via reduction of vagus stimulation of stomach -symaothetic stimulation - inhibitory signal to stomach.The entry of chyme stimulates the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by enteroendocrine cells of duodenum. It also triggers the secretion of pancreas and gall bladder but inhibit the gastric secretion and peristalsis. The thought of food,smell and taste and entry of food occurs during cephalic phase ,digestion within the stomach occurs during gastric phase.

10d.large intestine.

The stomach, small intestine and pancreas releases the gastric and related enzyme and helps in mechanical and chemical digestion of food.Whereas large intestine doesn't involve in mechanical or chemical digestion, the absorption of nutrients occurs within this area.They contains globet cells in mucosal layer but devoid of villi.

19.a. bile salts; liver

The digestion of lipid or fat molecule requires the bile salt to form the micelles , in order enter through the epithelial layer from the intestinal layer via formation of chylomicrones then travels to the blood capillaries  .The bile salts are produced by the liver cells.