Question

What is the average blood volume of females? males?

What is hematocrit?

What are the major proteins of plasma? What are their functions?

What are the scientific/medical names of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets? From what type of cell do they all originate? Where is this original type cell found?

What is erythropoisis? What controls the rate at which it occurs?

What is anemia?

What are the three types of granular leucocytes? What are the two major types of agranular leucocytes? What are the two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 1

Average blood volume in males 5.5 L and in females 5 L. but depending on the height and weight of the individual blood volume varies.

Hematocrit is the ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the total blood volume. It is usually reported as a percentage or a ratio.

The three major fractions of plasma proteins are known as Albumin, globulin, and Fibrinogen. The different fraction of them after electrophoresis is as follows:

   Albumin – 55.2%

  α1-Globulin – 5.3%

  α2-Globulin – 8.6%

  β-Globulin – 13.4%

¥-Globulin – 11.0%

  Fibrinogen – 6.5%

Functions of plasma proteins:

1. Plasma proteins established an osmotic gradient between the blood and the interstitial fluid. Plasma Albumin plays a major role in achieving this.
2. Plasma proteins play a major role in maintaining the pH of the body
3. They also act as a transporter for various substances like lipids, fatty acids, bilirubin, different metals etc.
4. Prothrombin present in α2-globulin fraction and fibrinogen, take part in the blood clotting.

Scientific/medical name of

1. Red Blood Cell –Erythrocyte
2. White Blood Cell -Leukocyte
3. Platelets - Thrombocyte

They all originate from the Hematopoietic stem cells. These stem cells are found in bone marrow of adults and in small numbers in the peripheral blood. They are also found in the umbilical cord blood.

Erythropoiesis is the process by which new Red Blood Cells are formed in the bone marrow.

Erythropoietin, a hormone secreted from the kidney is the principal factor that regulated erythropoiesis.

Anaemia refers to a condition where there is either less number of circulating RBCs present in the body or less than normal level of hemoglobin is present in each red blood cell.

The three types of granular leukocytes are Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils.

Two types of agranular leukocytes are: Monocytes and Lymphocytes

Two types of lymphocytes: T cells and B cells. There is also natural killer cells or NK cells.