Question

(a) Explain at least TWO (2) major aspects of an object-oriented programming (OOP). Provide suitable examples,

Answer 1

Explanation of two major aspects of an Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) with suitable examples:
The different aspects, capabilities, or features are encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism.
Encapsulation uses, and makes modularity a mandate, forcing it to be used wherever applicable, and appropriately.
Inheritance passes the characteristics of knowledge in a downward direction.
Polymorphism, on the other hand, is a completely different concept, wherein it is about taking any shape.

From a different OOP paradigm perspective, classes and objects are the two main aspects. A "class" is used to create new types, whereas "objects" are simply class instances. These two aspects are important and are building blocks of code in a program.

In Swift:

"Class" example:

class Motorcycle
{

}

An "Instance" example to create instances of a class:

class Motorcycle
{

}

let yamaha:Motorcycle = Motorcycle()

From a, yet different perspective, the other aspects of OOP are properties and functions (methods). A property can be considered as a variable belonging to a class and storing information belonging to an instance of a class. A method is a function belonging to a class and executes tasks belonging to an instance of a class.