Question

a few words, your own, about proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates. (small paragraph).

Answer 1

PROTEINS-

Proteins are macromolecules that are formed by joining of many amino acids.There are a total of 20 different types amino acids that joins in different numbers and order to form a protein.

Proteins are formed by Petpide Bond ( carboxyl group of one aminoacid reacts with the amino group of the next aminoacid, release a molecule of water and forms Peptide Bond)

Based on the structure,a Protein can be divided into primary, secondary, tertiary,& quaternary.

Primary Structure- Means the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Secondary Structure-This refers to the pattern of hydrogen bonds between the amino hydrogen & carboxyl oxygen atoms in the peptide bond.

there are 2 secondary structures-

1.Alpha helix

2.Beta Pleated

Tertiary structure- 3D shape of a protein.

It contains one polypeptide chain with one or more secondary structures.

Quaternary structures- This is determined by number & arrangement of the protein subunits with respect to each other.

Functions-

1.Body Buliding

2.Proteins acts as Hormones,Enzymes in the Body

3.They act as Transport Molecules

4.Maintain colloidal Osmotic pressure in the body.

**NUCLEIC ACID-

Nucleic acid refers to DNA and RNA .

They are macromolecules composed of nucleotides.A nucleotide consist of

a. 5-carbon sugar(Ribose sugar in RNA & Deoxy ribose sugar in DNA)

b.a phosphate group

c.nitrogenous base.(Purines-Adenine and Guanine & Pyrimidines-Cytosine ,Thymine and Uracil)

---Thymine is Only seen in DNA

---Uracil is only seen in RNA(in RNA,Thymine is replaced by Uracil)

--- Adenine bind with Thymine/Uracil in RNA and Guanine bind with Cytosine

Nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester bonds to form Nucleic acids.

Functions: storage and expression of genetic information .

**CARBOHYDRATE

They are biomolecules that are consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms with a general Formula of CnH2nOn.

There are different types of carbohydrates-

1.Monosachharides- Simple carbohydrates that cannot be hydrolysed to a simpler sugar .

Eg:Glucose,Fructose

2.Disachharides-Made up of 2 Monosachharides linked by Glycosidic Bond

3.Oligosachharides-Made of 3-10 Monosachharides linked by Glycosidic Bond

4.Polysaccharides-Made of Large number of Monosachharides linked by Glycosidic Bond

Functions-

a.Important Dietary Source

b.Important source of Energy in the Body.

**LIPIDS.

Lipids are macromolecule that are derivatives of fatty acids which are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

Examples of Lipids-

a.Fats

b.Oils

c.Waxes,

d.Some vitamins ( A, D, E and K)

e.Most Cell membrane are made of Lipids.

Functions-

a.Stores energy

b.Acts as structural components of cell membranes .

c.Transport of some vitamins (Fat soluble vitamins)