Question

1. Immune system is an important system in the body. Discuss the followings:

i. The role of antibodies and antigens in blood typing?

ii. The types of immunity in relation to disease protection?

2. Covid-19 virus is primarily affecting certain respiratory organs and causing tissue damage. From your study in the anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system, discuss the changes in the anatomical structures and physiological functions that is causing death.

Answer 1

ANS)

1)

i.ANS)

• The Antibodies are the  specified kind of immune system proteins called as immunoglobulins and its duty is to fight against infections by bounding theirselves to the antigens.
• In ABO blood groups,antigens are usually seen on the surface of RBC and the antibodies are seen in the serum.

ii.ANS)

There are 3 types of immunity in relation to disease protection and they are,

1. Innate immunity
2. Adaptive immunity
3. Passive immunity

• Every individuals are bone with some range of immunity to attackers and that kind of immunity is called as Innate immunity.
• Uses particular antigens to deliberately mount an immune response-Adaptive immunity( Immunity acquired during the life)
• Passive immunity is given when a individual is given antibody to a illness other than making them by his or her own immune system.A newborn child will get the passive immunity from his or her mother through the placenta.

2)

• Respiratory failure or multiple oragn failure is the major reason for the death in Covid 19.
• In the case of Covid 19,the lungs shows edema,the liquid proteinaceous discharge,fibrous connective tissue injury with patchy swelling and lastly multinucleated giant cells.
• Elderly individuals with diseases such as blood pressure,diabetes and heart problems are much vulnerable to this virus.
• Some of the symptoms include,Fever,Shortness of breath,headache,Chest pain,dry cough,fatigue and sore throat etc...

THANKS!!!