what are the components of viruses and what is their function?

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Expert Solution

Structure of virus :-
All viruses are made up of two basic components -
(a) Nucleic acid and (b) Protein.

• Nucleic acid present in viruses may be DNA or RNA. These nucleic acids may be single stranded or double stranded.

Nucleic acid of each virus encodes the genetic information for the synthesis of all proteins.

• On the basis of nucleic acid, there are two types of viruses - RNA virus and DNA virus.

RNA viruses :-
Virus with RNA nucleic acid.
• Virus with double stranded RNA - Reovirus
• Virus with single stranded RNA - Polio virus, influenza virus, HIV etc.
• Virus with segmented RNA - Influenza A virus.

DNA viruses :-
Virus with DNA nucleic acid.
• Virus with double stranded DNA - Adenovirus, bacteriophage.
• Virus with single stranded DNA - Parvovirus.

Protein - In viruses, there are two types of proteins - Structural and Non- structural.
• Structural proteins include capsid, membrane and envelope.
• Capsid is surrounding protein coat of virus.
• Some viruses have additional surrounding lipid bilayer called envelope.
• Non structural proteins are the proteins which are formed by viruses in infected cells.

gladiator answered 2 years ago

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