Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

Neurons to act as integrators. Discuss the concepts of facilitation temporal and spatial summation and convergence...

Neurons to act as integrators. Discuss the concepts of facilitation temporal and spatial summation and convergence in the context of integration

Solutions

Expert Solution

  • Spatial and temporal summation are the two types of summation and it is a process which determine whether or not an action potential will be genrated by an action potential will be generated by the combined effects of excitatory and inhibitory signals . both from multiple simultaneous input (spatial summation ) and from repeated inputs (temporal summation ).
  • Depending on the sum total of many individual input , summation may or may not reach the threshold voltage to trigger action potential
  • There are two types of neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron , they are excitatory neurotransmitters which produce depolarization of the postsynaptic cell, whereas the hyperpolarization produced by an inhibitory neurotransmitter will mitigate the effects of an excitatory neurotransmitter.
  • This depolarization is called an EPSP, or an excitatory postsynaptic potential, and the hyperpolarization is called an IPSP, or an inhibitory postsynaptic potential.
  • Spatial summation is the mechanism of eliciting of action potential in a neuron with an input from multiple presynaptic cells.It is the algebraic sum of  potentials from different areas of input, usually on the dendrites.
  • Temporal summation occur when high frequency action potentials in the presynaptic neuron elicits postsynaptic potentials which  summate with each other.
  • Gluatamate is an example of excitatory neurotransmitter and GABA is an example of inhibitory neurotransmitter.

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