Question

1. After a receptor signals a sensory neuron in a reflex what happens?

2. Examples of Exteroreceptors would be?

3. A cerebral cortical area NOT associated with a special sense is?

4. What is a tactile receptor that responds to deep pressure?

5. Receptors will receive strong and weak stimuli; how do they respond to the different stimuli?

6. What is referred pain?

7. How do mechanoreceptors operate?

8. Which brain area regulates most homestatic mechanisms?

9. A receptor field stimulates?

10. In the resting membrane potential where is the NA+?

11. Where is the action potential generated?

12. What protein pushes and pulls the chromosomes around the cell during mitosis? What is the spindle made of?

13. What is the stage in Mitosis where cells are existing if they opt out of the cell cycle and dont divide?

14. What is the only fuel that can be catabolized Anaerobically?

15. What part of the fat enters the mitochondrion as Acetyl COA?

Answer 1

1.Sensory receptors are a group of specialised cells that can detect a stimuli and respond to it.The stimuli can be physical or chemical.The sensory neurons are nerve cells that processes and transmits signals as electrochemical waves from the sensory receptors to the Central Nervous system.In vertebrates neurons are found in the brain,spinal chord,nerves and ganglia.During a reflex action an automatic and sudden response to a stimulus occurs.In this process a receptor generated nerve impulse is transmitted by sensory neurons to the central nervous system(CNS).In the CNS there are relay neurons that carries signals between the neurons ,which transmits this impulse to the brain.This information is processed and a resultant impulse is transmitted by the motor neurons of CNS to an effector organ which is a muscle or a gland that gives an appropriate response.

2.Exteroreceptors are the receptors that responds to a stimulus from outside body such as smell,sound,vision,temperature etc.An example of exteroceptors is thermoreceptors in the skin, which monitor the temperature of the external environment.There are also mechanoreceptors that is a type of exteroreceptor which responds to mechanical stimuli such as touch,vibrations,pressure etc.These receptors includes diffrent subparts .They are : Panician corpuscles,Meissner's corpuscles,Ruffini corpuscles,Merkel complexes.An example of pacinian corpuscle is when if we put a pressure on our skin by pressing it ,this sends stimulus to brain about the sensation of pressure.An example of meissners corpuscle is the response to touch and vibration.Ruffini corpuscles senses any stretches or deformations and merkel complexes responds to light pressures.

3.The special senses refers to the senses that have specialized organs for sensing.They are sense of vision,sense of hearing and balancing,sense of smell and sense of taste.The eye,the ear,the nose and the tongue are the organs that is especially for these senses.These sensory organs are attatched to cerebral cortex area of the brain.The impulses from sensory receptors travels towards the thalamus before it reaches the cerebral cortex for the interpretation of the senses.The only special sense that is not associated with thalamus is the sense of smell.This sense is not processed in thalamus before reaching the cerebral cortex.A cerebral cortical area not associated with a special sense is Thalamus.

4.Tactile receptors are receptors that can respond to the sense of touch.Pacinian corpuscle is a mechanoreceptor which is a subpart of exteroreceptor.It is found in deep skin that have layers of lamellae seperated by a gel.This is a receptor which can detect deep pressure and high frequency vibration.It can detect the deep pressure due to the deformation of their lamellae,generating action potentials thus generating a receptor potential.