Question

In: Statistics and Probability

1. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about A. population parameters. B. sample parameters. C. sample...

1. Null and alternative hypotheses are statements about

A. population parameters.

B. sample parameters.

C. sample statistics.

D. population statistics.

E. It depends on the situation and the type of data has been collected.

2. A hypothesis test is conducted under the initial assumption that

A. the alternative hypothesis is false.

B. the alternative hypothesis is true.

C. the null hypothesis is false.

D. the null hypothesis is true.

E. We never make any assumptions when conducting a hypothesis test.

3. It is claimed that 70% of high school graduates go on to enroll in college. Believing this claimed value is incorrect, a researcher surveys a random sample of 100 high school graduates and finds that 62% of these graduates went on to enroll in college. When a hypothesis test was conducted at a significance (or alpha) level of 0.05, the p-value was found to be 0.0446. What decision should the researcher make based on the results of the hypothesis test?

A. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.0446 is less than 0.70.

B. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.0446 is less than 0.62.

C. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.0446 is less than 0.05.

D. All of the above statements (A, B, and C) are correct decisions.

E. None of the above statements (A, B, and C) are correct decisions.

4. In hypothesis testing,

A. a negative p-value means the null hypothesis should be rejected.

B. a p-value can be larger than 1.0.

C. a smaller p-value means more evidence against the null hypothesis.

D. a larger p-value means more evidence against the null hypothesis.

E. a p-value is not affected by the size of the sample.

5. It has recently been claimed that 94% of middle school teachers are constantly stressed out. An educational researcher is doubtful of this claim and believes this percentage is too high. If data will be gathered in order to conduct a hypothesis test, what should the alternative hypothesis be?

A. Ha: p < 0.94

B. Ha: p > 0.94

C. Ha: p = 0.94

D. Ha: p ≠ 0.94

E. We cannot answer this question without knowing the sample proportion.

6. A test statistic

A. gets closer to 0 as the sample size gets bigger.

B. is used to determine if a nonsampling error has been made.

C. cannot be computed if the sample is not random.

D. can be positive or negative.

E. is another name for the margin of error.

7. A claim is made that 80% of college students use their laptops to take notes during lecture. Kit believes this claimed value is too low. He is able to survey a random sample of 150 college students, and he finds that 90% of these students use their laptops to take notes during lecture. Which of the following statements is correct based on this information?

A. The claimed population proportion is 0.90.

B. There is not enough information presented here to figure out what the p-value will be.

C. If a hypothesis test is conducted, the test statistic will be positive.

D. If the p-value is 0.01 or smaller, Kit should conclude the null hypothesis is definitely false.

E. Kit would not want to conduct a hypothesis test since his sample is too big.

8. If you have data in the form of proportions and you want to conduct a hypothesis test, which of the following does not need to be known in order to compute a test statistic?

A. The significance (or alpha) level.

B. The sample proportion.

C. The claimed population proportion.

D. The sample size.

E. All of the above need to be known in order to compute the test statistic.

9. It is claimed that 75% of parents believe their children spend too much time playing video games. If we were to conduct a hypothesis test based on this claim, what should the null hypothesis be?

A. Ho: = 0.75

B. Ho: p = 0.75

C. Ho: p = 75

D. All of the above are correct.

E. None of the above are correct.

10. Consider a hypothesis testing situation in which the null hypothesis is p = 0.5 and the alternative is p > 0.5. Data is gathered from a random sample and a test statistic of 2.1 is computed. This means our p-value would have to be

A. less than 0.01.

B. between 0.01 and 0.05.

C. between 0.05 and 0.10

D. greater than 0.10.

E. More information is needed in order to determine the p-value

Solutions

Expert Solution

1.)Parameter means: whole population, and statistic means some samples, here Null Hypothesis and alternative hypothesis talk about whole population.

Ans: A. population parameters.

2.)Initially we assume Null hypothesis is true.

D. the null hypothesis is true.

3.)p-value is less than significance (alpha=0.05), reject null Hypothesis.

Ans:C. The null hypothesis should be rejected because 0.0446 is less than 0.05.

4.)as p-value will be less we will have more chance to reject the null hypothesis.

ans:C. a smaller p-value means more evidence against the null hypothesis.

5.)B. Ha: p > 0.94

6.)D. can be positive or negative.

7.)

D. If the p-value is 0.01 or smaller, Kit should conclude the null hypothesis is definitely false.

8.)A. The significance (or alpha) level.

9.)A. The significance (or alpha) level.

10.)p-value=P(Z>2.1)

=0.018

ans:B. between 0.01 and 0.05.


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