Question

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Q1- a cell exposed to cyanide, a toxic molecule that blocks mitochondrial ATP synthesis. which of the following process will be most directly affected?

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Q1- although the hydrogen atom is already ____bonded to one _____ atom, the ____ charged hydrogen is weakly _____to another _____charged ____atom

Q2- unlike a true chemical bond, this bond occurs between ____ and not ____

Answer 1

1..The mitochondria is termed as powerhouse of the cells means it provides energy currency in the form of ATP to the cells for their metabolic activity. Respiration is the main process which utilizes glucose and provide energy with the help of mitochondria.The aerobic and anaerobic respiration takes place in cytosol of the cell but the main aerobic respiration which includes TCA cycle,oxidative phosphorylation and ETC occur in mitochondria.In oxidative phosphorylation some enzymes complex were present which helps in the electron transport chain for NADH and FADH2 conversion into ATP.

The enzymes complex includes complex I,II, III and IV.The cynaide is normally affects the complex IV ,where it binds with Fe 3+ form( which is oxidised form) of cytochrome a3 (cytochrome oxidase) and inhibits the terminal transport of electrons to oxygen results into no ATP formation ,no oxygen utilizating,sudden increase of pH of intermembral space of mitochondria or imbalance of PH gradient..causes sudden death of person.

## Fill ups

(1) covalently ,electronegative, slightly positive, bonded/ attracted, slightly negative charge, electronegative atom

explanation: Hydrogen bond is a type of dipole -dipole attractive forces which normally bonded with electrongative atoms such as oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine.It not fully shared it's lone pair electrons ,they get slightly positive charge and electrongative atom gets slightly negative charge.Hydrogen bond is also polar in nature.

(2) molecules ( inter or intramolecular), electronically balanced

explanation:: It is not true chemical bonds because of their dipole - dipole attraction,they may be occur between intermolecular or intramolecular bonding.Always H atom carry slightly positive charge which is not electronically balanced by electronegatively charge atom.