Question

Describe Pathophysiology of Deep Vein Thrombosis with an in-depth discussion of underlying immunological mechanisms. How do these events alter normal homeostatic processes? (550 words)

Answer 1

Deep vein thrombosis is cloting of blood in deep vein under the thigh or in the pelvis. It caused by pulmonary embolism, it impairs venous return and leads to dysfunction of endothelium. lower extremity DVT results from impaired venous return due to immobilization, leg fracture cause endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability. Upper extremity DVT results from endothelial dysfunction or injury due to pacemaker, central venous catheter, injection drug use etc. Upper extremity DVT occur when superior venacava compression occur by tumor or sweelin, dilated neck vein, facial swelling, subclavian vein compression in the thoracic cavity. lower extremity DVT cause pulommnay embolism when superficial demoral and popliteal tibial and peroneal veins affected, when the thrombus detached becomes an intravascular clot as an embolus. this clot carried into the venous circulation and obstruc the path. it bind immune cells, neutrophils, and monocytes to activated vascular endothelium with platelet that cause thrombus formation and fibrin deposition. fibrin degradation products cause modulating inflammatory response in immune cells. the interplay between coagulation, inflammation, immunity decrease, and fibrinolysis in venous thromboembolism cause DVT and pulmonary embolism. activation of coagulation decrease by immune cells, platter, venous endothelial cells and increase the disposition of fibrin cause venous thrombosis.hemostatis is a process that prevents stop bleeding. platelet in the hemostasis process, prevent loss of blood. when the fibrinolysis occurs to alter the normal hemostasis process. inadequate clotting cause less platelet it causes more clothing called thrombosis, it caused too many collections of fibrin, lately, erythrocyte accumulation in the blood vessels that form thrombus or embolus break free from blood vessels and travel in the bloodstream.