Compare and contrast cardiac and skeletal muscle in terms of electrical stimulus and action potentials (excitation-contraction...

Compare and contrast cardiac and skeletal muscle in terms of electrical stimulus and action potentials (excitation-contraction coupling), role of calcium, energy use and production, and ways to develop increased force of contraction. How does the vulnerability of the myocardium relate to the fact that heart disease is the leading cause of death?

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Expert Solution

	Cardiac muscle	skeletal muscle
Stimulation	SA or AV node Autonomic innervation	NM junctions Via voluntary motor innervation
Action potential	220-400 ms	2-4 ms
Structural fibere	Large branching with single nuclei near	Long tube shaped with multinucleated cells
T tubule	at Z line	at A-I juntion
Sarcoplasmic reticulum	less abundant with cistern at one terminal end	more abundant with two terminal cistern
Role of Ca2+	Increases contractility by binding to troponin c and hence expose the actin binding site	Increases contractility by binding to troponin c and exposing binding site on actin
Energy utilisation and production	aerobic metabolism glucose, fatty cids, ketone bodies To lesser extend amino acid	Creatinie phosphate, anerobic glycolysis ( lactic acid), areeobic glycolytic pathway
Increased force	Hypertrophy, by Increasing cell size	Hypertrophy by Increasing cell size and number.

Heart requires oxygen supply for genration of energy and metabolism. Hence, even if small decrese in oxygen supply by decreses blood supply/obstruction to blood flow will lead to Ischemia and hence Heart myocardium is vulnerable to hypoxia and is leading cause of death.

Sydney Mullin answered 11 months ago

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