Question

2. Consider the following table in which 300 respondents have been classified based on product use and income. Does this table indicate the concomitant variation between product use and income? Describe the relationship between product use and income, based on the table.
Product Use
Income
High
Medium
Low
High
40
20
16
Medium
35
46
24
Low
25
34
60
TOTAL
100
100
100
3. List the steps involved in implementing the Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. Also, Present the design symbolically.
(a) How is the treatment effect measured in this Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design?
(b) Which extraneous variable is not controlled in this design? Why?

Answer 1

2. Concomitant variation is the method in which a quantitative change in the effect is associated with quantitative changes in a given factor

Example:

If you car makes a strange vibration when you change gear at certain speed, you might take your foot off the pedal and see whether the vibration goes away at lower or higher speed.

	Income
	High	Medium	Low
	40	35	25
	20	46	34
	16	24	60
Total	76	105	119

Based on the table, the product is more popular amoung the lower income group and is used more. The product use decreases when the income increases

3.(a)

1. Assign a subject between two groups. A test group and a control group.
2. Pre-test Both the groups
3. Post-test Both the groups
4. Administer the treatment to detect ultimate difference
5. Compare the final posttest results between the two groups,
6. Compare the overall effectiveness of the intervention or treatment
7. Note the improvememnt of both the groups changed from pretest to posttest, whether one, both or neither improved over time.
8. If the control group also showed a significant improvement, then you attempt to uncover the reasons behind this