Question

Effects of a Pre-workout Energy Drink Supplement on Upper Body Muscular Endurance Performance

The use of pre-workout beverages is becoming an increasingly common method of improving performance during exercise in athletic and recreationally active populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a commercially available energy drink on exercise performance. Thirty-one healthy males (n=23) and females (n=8) participated in this study and were separated into two groups: supplement (SU; n=16) or placebo (PL; n=15). Subjects visited the laboratory on 2 occasions separated by no more than 7 days. The first visit consisted of completing a push up to fatigue protocol (PUFP) without ingesting the pre-workout energy drink supplement (PWEDS). The second visit consisted of ingesting either a placebo or the PWEDS 30 minutes prior to completing the PUFP. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded following each set of pushups on both testing days. Also, participant's height, weight, and body composition were collected. There was no significant differences at baseline in any variable between groups (p = >.05). After the second testing session, both groups significantly improved total push-ups (PL Pre: 133.3 ±39.4, PL Post: 155.3 ± 54.1; SU Pre: 139.3 ± 58.5, SU Post: 161.3 ± 79.4; p=<.001), and push-ups completed in each of the 3 sets (p=<.001), when compared to baseline. Post-testing revealed no significant difference between groups in total push-ups completed or RPE at any time point, when compared to baseline. In conclusion, the commercially available PWEDS offered no additional ergogenic effects when compared to the placebo.

Write the title of the article                                                                                                   

Identify the Null and Alternative Hypothesis

Identify the independent and dependent variables  

Identify if the results of the study were what the authors hypothesized

Answer 1

Two factor ANOVA analysis is performed here to test whether the Pre-workout Energy Drink Supplement affect the Upper Body Muscular Endurance Performance.

The Null and Alternative Hypothesis are,

H₀₁: There is no difference in the means of factor A

H_A1: There is a significant difference in the means of factor A

H₀₂: There is no difference in means of factor B

H_A2: There is a significant difference in means of factor B

H₀₃: There is no interaction between factors A and B

H_A3: There is a significant interaction between factors A and B

Where, factor A is the treatment variable (ingesting Supplement/Placebo), factor B is the variable type of testing Pre-test/Post-test

The independent and dependent variables  

Dependent variable: Rate of perceived exertion (RPE)

Independent variables, 1. ingesting Supplement/Placebo, 2. type of testing Pre-test/Post-test

Results of the study

1) The comparison of supplement group and placebo group shows there is no significant difference in push up performance

2) The comparison of first session of as a baseline such that without ingesting the pre-workout energy drink supplement and the second of ingesting either a placebo or the pre-workout energy drink supplement

P-value < 0.001

There is a statistically significant improvement of push up performance .

Both the results gives evidence that there is no improvement of Upper Body Muscular Endurance Performance by Pre-workout Energy Drink Supplement