Question

Case Study:

Papaya Partners is a distributor of papayas. They purchase papayas from individual growers and package them in 10-pound cartons for delivery to their various customers, generally supermarkets. Last month, they budgeted to sell $500,000 worth of cartons at a price of $25 each. Actual sales met a budget of $500,000 at $25 per carton.

Management has received cost information based on actual performance and needs to understand the drivers of the overall variance from the budget. They have asked you, as an analyst in their management accounting department, to calculate and explain the variances. The following data has been provided:

Budget
Cost of fruit @ 10 pounds per carton	$ 200,000
Cost of packaging @ 1 pound per carton	$ 10,000
Labor costs @ .5 hours per carton	$ 90,000
Total Cost	$ 300,000
Actual
Cost of fruit @ 10 pounds per carton	$ 244,200
Cost of packaging @ .55 pound per carton	$ 11,000
Labor costs @ .75 hours per carton	$ 150,000
Gross Profit	$ 405,200
Unfavorable variance	$105,200.00

Specifically, management needs to know the:

• Standard cost per unit (carton)
• Actual cost per unit
• Direct materials price variances
• Direct materials usage variances
• Direct labor rate variance
• Direct labor efficiency variance
• variances are calculated and what caused them
• recommendation on what might be done to improve the variances.

Answer 1

I am solving 4 sub parts of the question:

1. Standard cost per unit = Standard cost is the estimated cost per unit including material, overheads and labor.

Here standard cost for 5,00,000 cartons is $3,00,000

So standard cost per unit = Total budget cost / budgeted number of cartons = $ 3,00,000 / 5,00,000 = $ 0.60 per carton

2. Actual cost per unit = Total actual cost / actual number of cartons = $ 4,05,200 / 5,00,000 = $ 0.8104 per carton

3. Direct material price variance = It is the difference between actual amount spent on direct material and the amount that would have been spent if the material had been purchased at standard price

So direct material price variance = ($ 244200+$ 11000) - ($ 200000+$ 10000) = $ 45,200 (Unfavorable)

4. Direct material usage variance - It is the difference between actual quantity of material utilized during a period and the standard consumption of material for the level of output achieved

Direct material price variance = (Actual quantity - standard quantity) X Standard price

	Actual quantity	Standard Quantity
Fruits
Total cost	244200	200000
per carton cost	10	10
Quantity	24420	20000
Packaging
Total cost	11000	10000
per carton cost	0.55	1
Quantity	20000	10000
Direct material price variance
Fruit	(24420 - 20000) * 10 = $ 44200 (U)
Packaging	(20000 - 10000) *1 = $ 10000 (U)