Question

1. Explain the systems and interfaces for exchange that are involved in the delivery of components for cellular respiration.
2. Explain how breathing controls blood pH.
3. Describe all total lung capacity volumes.

1. Describe the location and action of the chemical processes of digestion.

2. Trace the route of air from the external nares to an avelous including areas of conduction and respiration.

3. Trace bile flow production and delivery to its site of action

they are short essay questions.

Answer 1

Question no 1

The system that delivers components to teh site of cellular respiration is the cardiovascular system . When blood flow to the specific site reduce die to thrombosis or atherosclerosis they are the main hindering process .

When the component needed are not properly proceses and delivery into Blood then lack of components will occur .

Question no 2

pH is controlled by respiratory system by the increased or decreased respiratory rate there by reducing or increase the co2 level in blood .

When co2 level in blood increase it will cause reduction in pH and when co2 level decrease it will cause increase in pH

Question no 3

The digestion of food is a specific process that take place in the GI system. The chemical process of digestion begins from the stomach and will continue till it reach the large intestine

• First location is the mouth

In mouth the salivary amylase helps in digestion of carbohydrates.

• The second location of digestion is the stomach

The juice that is the gastric juice secreted by stomach is the main in the digestion process. They act mainly on protein.pepsin and renin are the main proteolytic enzymes of stomach.

• Next location is the small intestine

Here the pancreatice juice plays a major function

Their main function is to digest protein and lipids . Tryipsin is the main one that digest proteins. Pancreatic lipase digest lipids.

Question no 4

Route of air

The air enters the human body through nares and it travel to the nasopharynx where is meets the pharynx. Then it moves to the oropharynx and then passing over the Glottis region to reach the larynx.

Larynx is the connection between pharynx and trachea. So it passed to trachea to the bronchi. The bronchi divides into bronchioles then comes the terminal bronchioles which become the respiratory bronchioles. This then move to the alveolar duct and alveolar sac .

Alveolus is the place where the exchange of gas with the pulmonary artery occur .

Question no 5

Bile which is secreted by the hepatic cells and emptied into bile canaliculus.from here it enters the tributary of bile duct. All these tributary join to form bile duct . This form left and right hepatic duct and from this duct the bile is stored into the gallbladder . Then through common bile duct it flow to small intestine when the time comes.