In: Accounting
Case 17-7 Mesmerizing Marketers
Mesmerizing Marketers (MM) is a marketing company that offers a
variety of marketing offerings to its customers.
Specifically:
• MM will create a TV commercial for $1M, build an app for $500K,
and build a Facebook page for $250K. These amounts represent MM’s
charges for these items when MM sells them separately to customers.
The TV commercial, the app, and the Facebook page are not
interrelated; that is, each functions independently of the other
offerings.
• If a customer purchases all aforementioned items together, the
total cost is $1.5M. Payment terms are 50 percent consideration due
at contract signing, with the remaining 50 percent due over the
rest of the development period (25 percent at mid-point, 25 percent
at completion).
• If the app is downloaded 500K times or more in the first month,
there is a one-time bonus of $250K payable to MM.
Stone, a customer, approaches MM with the hopes of reinventing its
image to a younger customer base. Stone has a verbal agreement with
MM that is based on MM’s unsigned quote to Stone on November 30,
20X5, for one TV commercial, one app, and a Facebook page. The
agreement creates enforceable rights and obligations pursuant to
MM’s customary business practices. None of these items can be
redirected by MM to another customer. MM performed a credit check
on Stone and has determined that Stone has the intention and
ability to pay MM for fulfilling its portion of the contract. Stone
is required to pay MM for performance completed to date if Stone
cancels the contract with MM for reasons other than MM’s failure to
perform under the contract as promised.
Stone makes a payment on November 30, 20X5, in the amount of $750K
pursuant to the agreement. From the date of the quote, it takes MM
six months to develop and produce the TV commercial, two weeks to
complete the Facebook page, and three months to complete a fully
functioning app. MM does not think that the app will be downloaded
500K times in the first month because Stone’s customer base does
not quickly accept newly developed technology. On the basis of its
experience with similar technology, MM has determined that it takes
over three months for Stone’s users to begin to download its
apps.
Required
MM’s CFO is trying to understand the new revenue recognition model
and has asked you to explain how MM would account for the above
scenario under the new standard.
1. How should MM account for the above offering with Stone under
the new revenue recognition model?
2. How would your conclusions change if:
a. The app sold to Stone is actually downloaded more than 500K
times in the first month?
b. MM believed at the outset that there is about a 75 percent
chance that the app will
be downloaded more than 500K times and it is probable that there
will not be a
significant reversal of revenue?
Answer to question 1
The new revenue recognition model prescribes a five step approach, which is applied to the facts of the case as follows:
Step 1: Identify the contract
Key conditions outlined in the standard
All above conditions are satisfied by the arrangement between these 2 parties, i.e. they have a verbal agreement which is enforceable as per customary business practices, rights and obligations are clear, i.e. development of webpage, application, etc. Consideration is clear, and credit check by the entity states that the customer has ability and willingness to pay.
Therefore, the requirements of Step 1 are principally complied with.
Step 2: Identify the performance obligations
Step 2 requires the entity to identify separable performance obligations. In this case, there are 23 separable performance obligations:
In commercial parlance, all three obligations are distinct, more so, because all three are also separately sold by the company
Step 3: Determine transaction price
Transaction value is determined in Step 3. The transaction value, i.e. USD 1.5 mn forms the starting point for determining the transaction price. Other items that need consideration are:
Therefore, the final transaction value will be USD 1.5 mn
Step 4: Allocate transaction value
Step 4 involves allocation of transaction value to different performance obligations. This allocation is required to be performed on the basis of standalone selling price. As the standalone price for all obligations is available, the allocation can be easily made as follows:
Performance obligation |
Standalone selling price |
%age of total price |
Allocation of transaction price* |
|
TV commercial |
1,000,000 |
57.14% |
857,143 |
|
Application |
500,000 |
28.57% |
428,571 |
|
Facebook page |
250,000 |
14.29% |
214,286 |
|
Total |
1,750,000 |
|||
Allocation is transaction value (1,500,000* %age)
Step 5: Recognise revenue as and when performance obligations are complete
In this case, the performance obligation is fulfilled over a period of time because the entity is construction an asset with no alternative use and is also entitled to payment for work done till date in case the contract is cancelled. Therefore, as and when the work related to all the above obligations is complete, the entity can recognise revenue using the percentage completion method for the respective performance obligations.
Therefore, for the facebook page, MM will recognise the revenue within 2 weeks, if the work is completed. Likewise for theapplication, entire revenue of USD 428k will be recognised over a period of 3 months and revenue related to TV commercial (USD 857k) will be recognised over a period of 6 months. The entity may choose to use the input or output method for determining the stage of completion for revenue recognition.
Answer to Question 2.a
In case the application is actually downloaded more then 500k times, MM becomes entitled to additional revenue of 250k. This will be accounted for as a change in accounting estimate (as MM earlier did not anticipate this revenue, and hence did not account for it, but downloads took place). As and when the information on downloads is available to MM, it will recognise an additional revenue of 250k.
Answer to Question 2.b
In case at the outset, MM actually believes that the app will be downloaded more than 500k times and there will be no significant reversal of revenue, the total transaction price will be 1,750,000. The allocation of revenue will change as follows:
Amount for application includes the variable consideration fo 250,000 over and above the amount mentioned in the first table |