human physiology Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported...

human physiology

Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported into the bloodstream. Then contrast this with the process pertaining to the digestion and absorption of dietary fats (lipids). Include an explanation as to why lipids are processed differently from hydrophilic molecules.

Solutions

Expert Solution

CARBOHYDRATES -

Digestion - 1. Mouth - salivary-alpha-amylase or ptyalin aids digestion of starch to alpha-limiting dextrins and maltose.

2. Stomach - Hcl of gastric Juice may hydrolyse some sucrose.

3. Duodenum - alpha-amylase of pancreatic juice convert starch in to maltose.

Absorption - it includes monosaccharides movement across the cells in to blood.

a. Simple diffusion - when conc. of sugar in gut exceeds that in the blood.

b. Active transport- Absorption of sugars against conc. gradient. Mainly by transporter called SGLT-1.

PROTEINS -

Digestion -

1. Mouth - none.

2. Stomach - pepsinogens which are pro-active enzymes converts the protein in to aminoacids by breaking their peptide linkage.

Absorption -

D-aminoacids absorbed by passive diffusion.

L-aminoacids absorbed by active transport.

FATS -

Digestion -

1.Stomach - Gastric lipase is an fat splitting enzyme but has milder action.

2. Small intestine - Pancreatic lipase and bile salts together play a vital role in digestion of fats.

Bile salts activate lipase to show hydrotropic action or detergent action. This lower surface tension promotes emulsification of fats.

Absorption of fats -

monoglyceride fatty acids and bile salts aggregate to form micelles.

Micelle - can dissolve hydrophobic compounds and transport to intestinal cells.

Sydney Mullin answered 1 year ago

Next > < Previous

Related Solutions

Explain how ingested carbohydrates and proteins are digested throughout the length of the digestive tract and...

Explain how ingested carbohydrates and proteins are digested throughout the length of the digestive tract and how food quality affects the rate of gastric emptying.

explain how lipids are digested,absorbed, and transported in the body

1. Explain how digested fats are absorbed and transported in the body including the health effects...

1. Explain how digested fats are absorbed and transported in the body including the health effects of the different types of lipoproteins. Include the following terms in your explanation: lipoproteins, chylomicrons, HDL, LDL. 2. Explain how fat is digested including the 3 enzymes that assist in digestion, the function of bile, and which part(s) of the GI tract fat digestion takes place.

How is proteins digested and absorbed after eating a peanut and jelly sandwich on whole wheat...

How is proteins digested and absorbed after eating a peanut and jelly sandwich on whole wheat including the constituents representing proteins and how and where they are digested and absorbed and how and where proteins are utilized or stored in the body. Include the chemical, hormonal, and enzyme changes that impact this meal.

1. Describe how protein is digested and absorbed in the body. Explain the primary functions of...

1. Describe how protein is digested and absorbed in the body. Explain the primary functions of protein in the body. Develop a vegetarian diet plan that meets the body’s protein needs. Distinguish between high quality and low-quality proteins and list sources of each.

1. Where does proteins, lipids and carbohydrates get initially and finally digested? 2. Does more substrate...

1. Where does proteins, lipids and carbohydrates get initially and finally digested? 2. Does more substrate concentration increase enzyme activity and if yes does it mean that the highest enzyme activity will be digested first?

Describe how lipids are chemically digested and subsequently absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine...

Describe how lipids are chemically digested and subsequently absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine as well as how those lipid components then make their way into the bloodstream. Make sure you discuss all relevant steps in the correct order.

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins play a vital role in the efficient functioning of the human body....

Carbohydrates, lipids and proteins play a vital role in the efficient functioning of the human body. Discuss the role of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in maintaining the structure of the cell membrane and explain the effect of denaturation agents on the structure of proteins.

Think of a meal…Describe how each major class of nutrients is chemically digested and absorbed. Where...

Think of a meal…Describe how each major class of nutrients is chemically digested and absorbed. Where does the chemical digestion of starch (carbohydrates) take place? Where does the chemical digestion of proteins take place? Where does the chemical digestion of lipids take place? Don't forget to include contact digestion at the enterocyte microvilli. What happens to the fiber? What is a chylomicron?

Where are each of our macronutrients (carbohydrates,proteinsand fats) chemically digested? Where does the process for each...

Where are each of our macronutrients (carbohydrates,proteinsand fats) chemically digested? Where does the process for each of them begin? Also note all locations in the GI tract that these processes continue (until each macronutrient has been broken down into components that our cells can absorb).

Subjects