Question

In: Anatomy and Physiology

human physiology Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported...

human physiology

Describe the process by which ingested proteins and carbohydrates are digested, absorbed, and transported into the bloodstream. Then contrast this with the process pertaining to the digestion and absorption of dietary fats (lipids). Include an explanation as to why lipids are processed differently from hydrophilic molecules.

Expert Solution

CARBOHYDRATES -

Digestion - 1. Mouth - salivary-alpha-amylase or ptyalin aids digestion of starch to alpha-limiting dextrins and maltose.

2. Stomach - Hcl of gastric Juice may hydrolyse some sucrose.

3. Duodenum - alpha-amylase of pancreatic juice convert starch in to maltose.

Absorption - it includes monosaccharides movement across the cells in to blood.

a. Simple diffusion - when conc. of sugar in gut exceeds that in the blood.

b. Active transport- Absorption of sugars against conc. gradient. Mainly by transporter called SGLT-1.

PROTEINS -

Digestion -

1. Mouth - none.

2. Stomach - pepsinogens which are pro-active enzymes converts the protein in to aminoacids by breaking their peptide linkage.

Absorption -

D-aminoacids absorbed by passive diffusion.

L-aminoacids absorbed by active transport.

FATS -

Digestion -

1.Stomach - Gastric lipase is an fat splitting enzyme but has milder action.

2. Small intestine - Pancreatic lipase and bile salts together play a vital role in digestion of fats.

Bile salts activate lipase to show hydrotropic action or detergent action. This lower surface tension promotes emulsification of fats.

Absorption of fats -

monoglyceride fatty acids and bile salts aggregate to form micelles.

Micelle - can dissolve hydrophobic compounds and transport to intestinal cells.

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